V. >> F ramework in Practice - Implementing and Monitoring Rights >> Setting up human rights monitoring systems Step 5 Capacity-building for data collection and disaggregation A human rights monitoring system, like other monitoring systems, requires a certain institutional capacity and appropriate methodologies for the collection and analysis of data. For human rights monitoring, data could be based on multiple sources and data collection methods, which are used in a complementary manner. This could include events-based data; socioeconomic and administrative statistics (administrative data, statistical surveys and census); perception and opinion surveys and data based on expert judgements (see chap. III). Each of these Step 6 sources may require specific methodologies to collect and analyse information. Moreover, it would be necessary to have data by sex, major population age group, region (including rural and urban), disability and where possible in relation to other demographic groups, including racial, ethnic or religious groups, minorities, refugees, internally displaced persons and migrants. When setting up human rights monitoring systems it is necessary to assess the gaps in the available capacity to provide relevant data and identify the means to address them. Reporting periodicity, publication, public access to information and follow-up Given that the realization of human rights is not a one-time event, both the protection and the promotion of human rights have to be continuously pursued. It is, therefore, necessary to have data to monitor the human right concerned on a continuing basis, at different times, ideally as an appropriate time series of observations. This would facilitate the monitoring of the incidence of human rights violations over time, the progressive realization and implementation and the follow-up to recommendations from international and national human rights mechanisms. Human rights monitoring also requires access by all stakeholders, in particular the rights holders, to information on the realization of the right. This necessitates a framework with a schedule of publication and dissemination of relevant information. As a follow-up to the monitoring process, there has to be a well-appointed process, involving the legislature, the media and other oversight agencies that use the available information as an advocacy tool, to raise awareness on entitlements and duties, to better articulate claims by rights holders and to provide a more sensitive policy response in the discharge of obligations by duty bearers. Unlike the advocacy phase, success in furthering the implementation of human rights requires a strategy that encourages ownership of the process to implement human rights by the local stakeholders; identification and customization of a set of tools that are contextually meaningful, without compromis- Human Rights Indicators 137