Recent decades have likewise seen Cambodia’s IPs threatened by the granting of Economic Land Concessions (ELCs) and mining concessions, and the establishment of Special Economic Development Zones and large-scale hydroelectric projects – the latter being the major drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the country. The sad reality is that government at all levels is known to be involved in questionable but lucrative deals with companies applying for ELCs, in a clear case of conflict of interest. Aside from such loss of their dwellings, means of livelihood and food security, indigenous communities face other woes with the current trends in land development. Among these are the destruction of ancient (sometimes sacred) community landmarks, as well as what has been termed “the monetization of the household economy” – leading to less sharing within the community, encouragement of individual interests over communal ones, and devalued traditional cultural artifacts, clothes, jewelry, gongs, etc. At the same time, exposure of the IP youth to modern media and Khmer culture has contributed to their lessening interest in maintaining their cultural history. A number of bright spots have emerged, however. An informal group known as the Indigenous Rights Active Members (IRAM) serves as the key indigenous peoples’ network in Cambodia, with other grassroots organizations also existing around the country. Various media (particular radio, social media and film) have been harnessed for the cause of IP land rights. One example was a video documentary, “The Other Cambodia: Indigenous Land and Rights,“ screened in 2013 by the NGO Forum. The documentary presented a very concise and compelling case of land grabbing in the northern regions of Cambodia. 8 Thanks to the support of IRAM and local CSOs, IPs in the provinces of Rattanakiri and Mundolkir are engaging in campaigns and are mobilizing to defend their lands, territories and resources. An increasing number of IPs have a very good knowledge about their land and resource rights and are eager to share that knowledge with others in their communities. India The term “Scheduled Tribe” (ST) is used to refer to India’s indigenous peoples, and appears as such in the country’s Constitution. The criteria followed for specification of a community as ST include: “primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large and backwardness.” India has ratified several major agreements and treaties that have to do with indigenous peoples’ rights. Among these are the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169 which is the only binding international treaty dealing with indigenous peoples and land rights; the Durban Accord which is a global commitment for people and Earth’s Protected Areas; the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples which provides new international guidelines on the right to formulate strategies for the development or use of indigenous peoples’ lands and resources; the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21 and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Such international agreements have not, however, shielded India’s STs from the effects of the ‘new land grabbing’ taking place. Just as in other Asian countries, the influx of corporations establishing industrial complexes and mining operations, plus the rise in the growth rate of the urban population with accompanying demands Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC)