options and IP land legalization. Many of the NGOs belonging to the NLPP network organize training and capacity building workshops together at the local and national level. CIYA, ICSO and ADHOC, for example, train indigenous peoples with regard to relevant domestic land laws and international human rights laws and standards at local level. Indigenous communities. The NGOs working at the local level tend to work very closely with the affected IP communities on the ground. Many of the NGOs belonging to the IPPL network organize training and capacity building workshops for IPs at the local and national level. When they can, they also sponsor local IP community representatives to join trainings and workshops at the national level. Authorities. CSOs try to engage actively with the local authorities, by inviting local government officials to human rights and land rights trainings and capacity building exercises. ILO. Local NGOs in Ratanakiri and Mundolkiri provinces (NTFP, DPA, HA, ICSO in Ratanakiri and MVI, DPA, Vigilance, WCS in Mondulkiri) are working closely with the ILO on a project which aims to speed up and facilitate the registration of communal land titles by indigenous communities. Media. CSOs at both the national and local level work very closely with the Khmer-speaking and English-language media in Cambodia. Most of the local NGOs or provincial offices of larger domestic CSOs have the phone numbers for print and radio journalists in the province and in Phnom Penh. Private enterprises. Many CSOs reach out to companies involved in alleged land grabs and breaches of the relevant laws of Cambodia, with varying degrees of success. Key issues and gaps in the engagement of CSOs working on land rights, food security and climate change Lack of follow-up. IP organizations have raised concerns about lack of follow-up and continuity of engagement with the IP communities adversely affected by land and natural resource issues. Sometimes the communities feel they are being abandoned by the NGOs, especially when it comes to protests. They feel the morale of the community is winding down because of lack of NGO support for their protests and other actions. Lack of (culturally acceptable) communication. Lack of communication of NGOs and information of the affected communities has been raised on several occasions. IP representatives have observed that the communication between relevant NGOs and the community are very patchy and sporadic throughout the process of acquiring a communal land title. It has also been pointed out that NGOs fail to communicate with the IPs in a way which is culturally acceptable and known to the communities. Some networks are weak. One network member from Kamponge Speu province complained that her network was very weak and said that the IRAM network in her area is much stronger. Accordingly, NGOs in the network should strive to work much more closely with and reach out to grassroots organizations, like IRAM. Women. There seem to be very few NGO initiatives directly aimed at empowering and educating indigenous women. It has been observed that in the communities, where training was provided to women, they were very vocal and active on the grassroots level. IP women’s empowerment and education are cross-cutting issues that can Lok Niti 35