Finally, Article 28 confirms the absolute property right by indigenous communities of their land, by stating “No authority outside the community may acquire any rights to immovable properties belonging to an indigenous community.” concession areas, leaving areas used by farmers in shapes resembling leopard or tiger using patterns. Forestry Law 2002. This law contains important provisions on traditional use and access rights to forest resources, though these do not include management rights. The law has provisions that allow for the creation and management of community forests, whereby communities are granted an area of the Permanent Forest Reserve to manage and derive benefits from. Cadastral Commission. This body has the competence to identify properties, establish cadastral index maps, issue ownership titles, register land and inform people about the status of each parcel of land. Registration, collective land titles and interim measures. In line with the Land Law and the 2009 Sub-decree on Procedures of Registration of Land of Indigenous Communities, the IPs wishing to receive a communal land title need to follow the three steps listed below: • Identification of indigenous peoples and communities • Registration of the IP community as a legal entity • Registration of the collective land title and issuing the title The whole process has been subject to heavy criticism by IP organizations and CSOs because of the amount of procedural hurdles one needs to overcome in order to go from one step to another. Directive 01BB. In July 2012, the RGC launched Directive 01BB: Measures Reinforcing and Increasing the Efficiency on the Management of Economic Land Concessions. Among other things, the directive called for increased monitoring of ELCs and reinforced the concept of a “tiger (or leopard)-skin policy“. The policy stipulates that land inhabited by farmers (that also applies to indigenous communities) must be cut out of the 28 Dispute Resolution and Recourse Mechanisms National Authority for the Resolution of Land Disputes. This Authority is made up of 17 highranking officials from various ministries. However, according to observers, its members have largely delegated its tasks, rendering the body ineffective in practice. Suspension of a concession contract. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) has the power to suspend an ELC contract with a company, in cases where the company in question fails to respect the conditions and terms of the ESIA reports or where there are disputes between the local population or other third parties related to a concession land. Domestic courts. IP communities and CSOs remain very skeptical about the efficiency and impartiality of the Cambodian justice system, which continues to be the subject of concern among numerous actors such as the United Nations. Policies and laws on agriculture, land use, food security, conservation and forestry, that also have impact on IPs Rectangular Strategy. The Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency – Phase II is the RGC’s main socio-economic policy Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC)