Council, G.R. No. 178552, October 5, 20 10, 632 SCRA 146, 166-1 67; Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, 522 Phil. I, 27 (2006); Francisco v. House of Representatives, 460 Phil. 83 0, 892 (2003). 97 Consolidated Comment, OSG, rollo, (G.R. No. 2 04819), pp. 375-376. 98 Comment-In-Intervention, Hontiveros, et al., rollo, (G.R. No. 204934), pp. 106- 109; Comment-In-Intervention, Cabral et al., rollo, (G.R. No. 204819), pp. 500-501. 99 Republic Telecommunications Holding, Inc. v. Santiago, 556 Phil. 83, 9 1-92 (2007). 100 Jriformation Technology Foundation of the Philipp ines v. Commission on Elections , 499 Phil. 281, 304-305 (2005). 101 Lawyers Against Monopoly And Poverty (LAMP) v. Th e Secretary of Budget and Management, G. R. No. 164987, April 24, 201 2, 670 SCRA 373 , 383. 102 The Province Of North Cotabato v. The Government of the Republic of the Philippines, 589 Phil. 387, 481 (2008). 103 Id. at 483 . 104 Tañada v. Angara, 338 Phil. 546, 574 ( 1997). 105 Consolidated Comment, OSG, rollo (G. R. No. 204819), p. 381. 106 See United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 ( 1987). 107 The First Amendment of the US Constitution reads: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 108 Romualdez v. Commission on Elections, 576 Phi l. 357 (2008); Romualdez v. Hon. Sandiganbayan, 479 Phil. 265 (2004 ); Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, 421 Phi I. 290 (200 I). 109 Resolution, Romualdez v. Commission on Elect ions, 594 Phil. 305, 3 16 (2008). 110 Constitution, Article VIII , Section 1. 111 Consolidated Comment, OSG, rollo (G. R. No. 2048 19), pp. 375-376. 112 Consolidated Comment, OSG, rollo (G. R. No. 2048 19), p. 384. 113 Anak Mindanao Party-list Group v. Th e Executive Secretary, 558 Phil. 338, 350 (2007).