6/7/2020
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[20] 354 Phil. 948 (1998).
[21] Id. at 966, 968-969.
[22] Office of the Solicitor General v. Court of Appeals, 735 Phil. 622, 630 (2014);
Calingin v. Court of Appeals, 478 Phil. 231, 236-237 (2004); Government Service
Insurance System v. Civil Service Commission, 307 Phil. 836, 846 (1994).
[23] See my dissenting opinion in Leave Division, Office of Administrative Services-OCA
v. Heusdens, supra note 11, at 354-356.
[24] "Threats, intimidation, terrorism, use of fraudulent device or other forms of
coercion."
[25] "Coercion of election officials and employees."
[26] "[Carrying of] deadly weapons in prohibited areas."
[27] "Carrying of firearms outside residence or place of business."
[28] "Wearing of uniforms and bearing arms."
[29] "Organization or maintenance of reaction forces, strike forces, or other similar
forces."
[30] Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, as amended.
[31] Defining the offense of Electoral Sabotage.
[32] E.g., (1) Art. III, Sec. 3(1) ["The privacy of communication and correspondence
shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or
order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law."]; Sec. 6 ["The liberty of abode and of
changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except
upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in
the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided
by law."]; Sec. 15 ["The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it."]); and (2)
Art. VII, Sec. 15 ["Two months immediately before the next presidential elections and
up to the end of his term, a President or Acting President shall not make appointments,
except temporary appointments to executive positions when continued vacancies
therein will prejudice public service or endanger public safety."]: Sec. 18, par. 2 ["In
case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it, he may, for a period
not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place
the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law. x x x. Upon the initiative of the
President, the Congress may, in the same manner, extend such proclamation or
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