Memorandum for the Petitioners | 88 Climate change threatened —-- resulted the in -- and/or impairment, infringement, abuse, and/or violation of the Filipinos’ basic right to dignity, to life, to a clean and healthy environment (or to a balanced and healthful ecology), including the right to a safe climate, to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, to self-determination and development, to food, to water and sanitation, to work and social security, to equality and non-discrimination, and to culture, among vulnerable groups others, particularly like women, by children, those living in extreme poverty, Indigenous Peoples, and local communities 1. The right to dignity 8.44. Human dignity is the foundation of human rights protection?” It is firmly rooted in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provides that “[a]ll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and right,” as well as in the International Convention of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Convention of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and can be found in more than 160 national Constitutions, including that of the Philippines.3®° 8.45. The 1987 Philippine Constitution explicitly affirms the importance of dignity in Article If, Section 11 on state policies: “The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.” The right to dignity is further affirmed in Article XIII, Section I: “The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.”38! >” Testimony of Professor Erin Daly, TSN dated 27-28 September 2018, p. 154, available at http://chr. gov. ph/wp-content/uploads/20 19/04/NICC-TSN-September-27-to-28-New-Y ork-UnitedStates.pdf (last accessed on 12 September 2019). *8° Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217 A (II) (UDHR), Article 1; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171 (ICCPR), Article 1: “All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person;” International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 993 UNTS 3 (ICESCR), Article 13: “The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to education. They agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. 381 Section 1, Article XIII, 1987 Philippine Constitution.