Memorandum for the Petitioners | 80 the IPCC ARS Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), show what impacts could look like following different emissions reductions scenarios.*” 8.22. Ina business-as-usual scenario, the 10" percentile rainfall could be reduced as much as 40% in many areas, particularly, over Mindanao. Such a reduction in Mindanao, which relies on hydropower generation, is a big concern? In other areas, particularly in Luzon and Western Visayas, rainfall could increase over 40%. This has implications for infrastructure that was not designed to handle rainfalls this heavy.*“* In her testimony, Ms. De Guzman illustrated the implications in this way— ... In terms of rainfalls, what are our key findings in the future. . .. So the driest possible rainfall change is ten (10) percentile of rainfall or could reach up to forty (40) percent reduction in many areas, particularly Mindanao. As I’ve said earlier, there is the implication, for example, if Mindanao, the source of power is hydropower generation. If you have forty percent (40%) reduction in rainfall, that isa big concern for hydropower. And the wettest possible, on the other hand, could exceed forty percent (40%) increase in rainfall, particularly over Luzon and western section of Visayas. This also has implication, for example, in future design of infrastructure. So, if your rainfall, especially in mountainous areas where the rainfall is already very high— for example, in Baguio, our maximum one (1) day rainfall is one thousand (1,000) millimeter a day, just for one (1) days alone— and this could mean if there is an increase in rainfall by about forty percent (40%), so those areas will be wetter than normal345 E. Agriculture 8.23. Climate change exacerbates land degradation, particularly in low-lying coastal areas, river deltas, and drylands. The latest LPCC SRCCL notes that over the period of 1961-2013, the annual area of drylands in drought has increased on average by slightly more than 1% per year, with large inter- annual variability, at a global scale.*4° 8.24. As reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, projected impacts on agriculture in the Philippines reveal that there will be direct impacts on staple food, like corn and rice yields, due 342 FAO-AMICAF Philippines (2014), Assessments of Climate Change Impacts and Mapping of Vulnerability to Food Insecurity under Climate Change to Strengthen Household Food Security with Livelihoods’ Adaptation Approaches (AMICAF) Step 1- Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture, available at http://www. fao.org/3/a-br333e.pdf (last accessed on 12 September 2019). 343 De Guzman, R., supra note 302, p. 97; also Exhibit “Y” to “Y-27,” Printed PowerPoint presentation of Ms. Rosalina de Guzman, entitled “Observed Climate Trends and Projections in the Philippines,” slide 25. 344 Tid. 345 De Guzman, R., supra note 302, p. 97. 346 IPCC 2019, Summary for Policymakers: Climate Change and Land, supra note 111, Sec. Al.4.