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[12] Vide Telecom and Broadcast Attys. of the Phils., Inc. v. COMELEC, 352 Phil. 153,
168 (1998); vide also Lozada v. Comelec, 205 Phil. 283 (1983) on the need to
establish concrete injury.
[13] Rollo, pp. 5-6.
[14] Vide
Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary, 466 Phil. 482, 508 (2004) citing
Kilosbayan v. Morato, G.R. No. 118910, November 16, 1995, 250 SCRA 130.
[15] 465 Phil. 860 (2004).
[16] 400 Phil. 904 (2000).
[17] G.R. No. 169777, April 20, 2006, 488 SCRA 1.
[18] G.R. No. 166501, November 16, 2006, 507 SCRA 173.
[19] Vide Atitiw v. Zamora, G.R. No. 143374, September 30, 2005, 471 SCRA 329,
345-346.
[20] The DAR was created by Republic Act No. 6389 (1971); the PCUP by Executive
Order No. 82 (1986) as modified by Memorandum Order No. 68 (1987) in Pres.
Aquino's exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation No. 3, and Republic Act
No. 7279 (1992); the NCIP by Republic Act No. 8371 (1997).
[21] Constitution, Art. VII, Sec. 1.
[22] Id., Art. VII, Sec. 17.
[23] Ibid.
[24] Republic Act No. 8371 (1997), vide Sec. 40.
[25] Ople v. Torres, 354 Phil. 948, 966-968 (1998).
[26] Bagaoisan v. National Tobacco Administration, 455 Phil. 761 (2003).
[27] Didipio Earth-Savers' Multi-Purpose Association, Inc. (DESAMA) v. Gozun, G.R.
No. 157882, March 30, 2006, 485 SCRA 586.
[28] Vide Eugenio v. Civil Service Commission, 312 Phil. 1145, 1152 (1995) which
quotes Am Jur 2d on Public Officers and Employees, viz: "Except for such offices as
are created by the Constitution, the creation of public offices is primarily a legislative
function. In so far [sic] as the legislative power in this respect is not restricted by
constitutional provisions, it is supreme, and the legislature may decide for itself what
offices are suitable, necessary or convenient."
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