15. Urges all States to adopt effective measures to put an end to the arbitrary arrest and detention of migrants and to take actions to prevent and punish any form of illegal deprivation of liberty of migrants by individuals or groups; 16. Urges all States to promote and adopt effective measures to enforce their immigration laws and border controls only by means of duly authorized and trained government officials and to prevent private persons or groups from carrying out conduct reserved for such government officials, as well as to prosecute and punish those violations of the law that may result from such conduct; 17. Calls upon States to observe national legislation and applicable international legal instruments to which they are party when enacting national security measures, in order to respect the human rights of migrants; 18. Requests States to adopt concrete measures in order to prevent the violation of the human rights of migrants while in transit, including in ports and airports and at borders and migration checkpoints, to train public officials who work in those facilities and in border areas to treat migrants and their families respectfully and in accordance with the law, and to prosecute, in conformity with applicable law, any act of violation of the human rights of migrants and their families, inter alia, arbitrary detention, torture and violations of the right to life, including extrajudicial executions during their transit from their country of origin to the country of destination and vice versa, including their transit through national borders; 19. Encourages States that have not yet done so to enact domestic legislation and to take further effective measures to combat and prosecute international trafficking and smuggling of migrants, which should take into account, in particular, trafficking and smuggling that endanger the lives of migrants or entail different forms of servitude or exploitation, such as any form of debt bondage, slavery and sexual exploitation or forced labour, and also encourages States to strengthen international cooperation to combat such trafficking and smuggling; 20. Also encourages States, in cooperation with non-governmental organizations, to undertake information campaigns aimed at clarifying opportunities, limitations and rights in the event of migration, so as to enable everyone, in particular women, to make informed decisions and to prevent them from becoming victims of trafficking and utilizing dangerous means of access that put their lives and physical integrity at risk; 21. Calls upon States to protect the human rights of migrant children, given their vulnerability, particularly unaccompanied migrant children, ensuring that the best interests of the children are a primary consideration, and underlines the importance of reuniting them with page 6