84 In defense of land rights: A monitoring report on land conflicts in six Asian countries AGRARIAN CONFLICT Structural agrarian conflict For purposes of this report, the term “agrarian conflict” is defined as structural agrarian conflict, i.e. the kind which is extraordinary in size, affecting significant numbers of victims and having extensive social, economic, and political impacts. They arise from government actions and policies which affect control over resources and livelihoods, and usually involve human rights violations. Therefore, ordinary land disputes such as the ones involving inheritance, or conflicts between individual claimants, are not covered in this study. The 1960 Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA 1960) defines “agrarian” as “concerning earth, water and aerial space”. Methodology and indicators of conflict The data indicator used in this report is the agrarian conflict case, which is an incident of natural resource conflict collected and recorded in the period monitored. Given such an indicator, a conflict recorded in one year can be recorded again if it recurs in another year. This data on conflicts is drawn from: (a) agrarian conflict victims who report the agrarian conflict events directly to the KPA either through its National or Regional Secretariats (KPA members, Regional KPA and National Council); (b) victims who report the occurrence to the KPA’s national or regional networks, and whose cases become subjects of agrarian assistance or case documentation; (c) data collection results in localities; (d) agrarian conflict case investigations in the field; (e) results of monitoring mass media (press and electronic); and, (f) contributions of conflict data from organizations within the agrarian reform network.2 ANGOC The figures presented by the KPA are perhaps only a fraction of the actual number of agrarian conflict cases, considering that not all cases in all regions are observed, either by the organizational structure of the KPA or by the mass media. 2 In 2017, the KPA collaborated with the Koalisi Rakyat untuk Keadilan Perikanan (KIARA) for improving data monitoring in coastal areas.