• Increasing trends of extreme precipitation were found for the past –in both intensity and frequency.28 The importance of this type of precipitation for the whole water budget can be relatively high. • Villafuerte et al. (2014) confirmed an extension of dry periods in the past. 29 Looking to the future, Taylor et al. (2012)30 and Sillmann et al. (2013)31 identify an increasing drought risk in Southeast Asia. • With regard to major problems for the Philippines, such as tropical cyclones, the conclusions found in the literature are hard to generalize (similar to precipitation). Literature shows increasing intensity of storm events,32 but no significant trends in their frequencies33 in the past. Park et al. (2014) found different but insignificant trends for different data sets for the region.34 The future changes in tropical cyclones are well summarized in Knutson et al. (2010).35 The global average of intensity is increasing; simultaneously, models show a decreasing frequency for the future. A future rise in frequency is only expected for the most intense tropical cyclones36                                                                                                                 28 N. Endo & J. Matsumoto & T. Lwin, Trends in Precipitation Extremes over Southeast Asia, 5 SCIENTIIC ONLINE LETTERS ON THE ATMOSPHERE: SOLA 168 (2009).; C. Yao & Q. Weihong & S. Yang & Z. Lin, Regional Features of Precipitation Over Asia and Summer Extreme Precipitation Over Southeast Asia and Their Associations with Atmospheric-Oceanic Conditions, 106(1-2) METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS 57 (2009); C.H. Chang, Preparedness and Storm Hazards in a Global Warming World: Lessons from Southeast Asia, 56(3) NATURAL HAZARDS 667 (2010); .A. Cinco & R.G. de Guzman & F.D. Hilario & D.M. Wilson, Long-term Trends and Extremes in Observed Daily Precipitation and Near Surface Air Temperature in the Philippines for the Period 1951-2010, 145-146 ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 12 (2014);. M.Q. Villafuerte & J. Matsumoto, The Seasonal Role of ENSO and Monsoon on the Interannual Variations of Rainfall Extremes in the Philippines, 49 GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS OF TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY 23 (2014). 29 M.Q. Villafuerte II & J. Matsumoto & I. Akasaka & H.G. Takahashi & H. Kubota & T.A. Cinco, Long-term Trends and Variability of Rainfall Extremes in the Philippines, 137 ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 1 (2014). 30 I.H. Taylor & E. Bruke & L. McColl & P. Falloon & G.R. Harris & D. McNeall, 9(11) HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES DISCUSSIONS 12613 (2012). 31 J. Sillmann & V.V. Kharin & F.W. Zwiers & X. Zhang & D. Bronaugh, Climate Extreme Indices in the CMIP5 Multi-model Ensemble: Part 2: Future Climate Projections, 2013 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 1. 32 J.B. Elsner & J.P. Kossin & T.H. Jagger, The Increasing Intensity of the Strongest Tropical Cyclones, 455(7209) NATURE 92 (2008); P.J. Webster & G.J. Holland & J.A. Curry & H.-R. Chang, Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment, 309 (5742) SCIENCE 1844 (2005); T.R. Knutson & J.L. McBride…&…M. Sugi, Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change, 3 NATURE GEOSCIENCE 157 (2010). 33 J.C.L. Chan & M. Xu, Inter-annual and Inter-decadal Variations of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in East Asia. Parti 1: Time Series Analysis, 29(9) INTERNATINOAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY 1285 (2009); H. Kubota & J.C.L. Chan, Interdecadal Variability of Tropical Cyclone Landfall in the Philippines from 1902 to 2005, 36(12) GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2009). 34 D.-S.R. Park & C.-H. Ho & J.-H. Kim, Growing Threat of Intense Tropical Cyclones to East Asia Over the Period 1977-2010, 9(1) ENVIRON. RES. LETT. (2014). Available at http://stacks.iop.org/17489326/9/i=1/a=014008?key=crossref.1768076a048565351c334b902ac24053 (last accessed June 19, 2015). 35 T.R. Knutson & J.L. McBride…&…M. Sugi, Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change, 3 NATURE GEOSCIENCE 157 (2010). 36 M. Sugi & H. Murakami & J. Yoshimura, A Reudction in Global Tropical Cyclone Frequency Due to Global Warming, 5 SOLA 164 (2009); T.R. Knutson & J.L. McBride…&…M. Sugi, Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change, 3 NATURE GEOSCIENCE 157 (2010); I.M. Held & M. Zhao, The Response of Tropical Cyclone Statistics to an Increase in C02 with Fixed Sea Surface Temperatures, 24(20) JOURNAL OF CLIMATE 5353 (2011); H. Murakami & Y. Wang … & … &A. Kitoh, Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity Projectd by the New High-Resolution MRI-AGCM, 25(9) JOURNAL OF CLIMATE CHANGE 3237 (2012).