from the burning of fossil fuels that causes global climate change, since exposure to climate pollution results in, among other things, increased infant mortality, asthma, developmental disorders and impaired lung function. 53 The harm from climate pollution is compounded by climate change impacts. For example, chemical reactions such as ozone formation are accelerated at higher temperatures, triggering respiratory ailments. 54 Increases in childhood asthma and allergies also result from changes in the distribution and seasonality of plants, increases in plant growth and pollen release, and the increased frequency of severe wildfires. 55 Children are particularly susceptible to injury and death as a result of extreme heat, drought, floods and other disasters caused by climate change. 56 They are also at risk from food and water shortages caused by crop failure, ocean acidification, water and soil salinization, and species extinction. 57 Similarly, the range expansion of vector-carried disease will result in increased childhood mortality and morbidity. 58 Indeed, the World Health Organization estimates that children suffer more than 80 percent of the illness and mortality attributable to climate change.59 UNICEF expands on this point and highlights that [b]ecause of climate change, children in developing countries already face a greater risk of climate-linked diseases like malaria and cholera, increased risk of food and water shortages, and disruption to their education. It is estimated that more than 88 percent of the existing global burden of disease due to climate change occurs in children under the age of five. 60 Finally, children will suffer profoundly from social, emotional, and cognitive impacts of climate change. Displacement from rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and conflict related to food and water insecurity disrupts and destroys family and community structures, as well as access to education, health care, and adequate nutrition. 61 The loss of family and home and the sense of imminent danger and disruption suffered by children in the face of climate change also threaten cognitive and emotional development. 62 Vulnerable populations, including children, will suffer the greatest from climate-related mental health impacts, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, which are documented effects of climate change 53 See, e.g., Federica P. Perera, Children Are Likely to Suffer Most from Our Fossil Fuel Addiction, 116 Envtl. Health Persp. 987, 987-988 (2008) [hereinafter Children Likely to Suffer]. 54 Id. at 988. 55 American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Environmental Health (AAP), Policy Statement on Global Climate Change and Children’s Health, 136 Pediatrics 993, 994 (2015) [hereinafter Children’s Health]; Perera, Children Likely to Suffer, at 988. 56 See Janet Currie & Livier Deschênes, Children and Climate Change: Introducing the Issue, 26 The Future of Children: Children and Climate Change 3, 4 (2016) [hereinafter Children and Climate Change]; Zhiwei Xu et al., The Impact of Heat Waves on Children’s Health: A Systematic Review, 58 J. Biometeorology 239, 245-246 (2014). 57 See, e.g., Paolo Vineis, Queenie Chan, Aneire Khan, Climate Change Impacts on Water Salinity and Health, 1 Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 5-10 (2011); J.-P. Gattuso, et al., Contrasting Futures for Ocean and Society from Different Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Scenarios, 349 Science 6243 (2015); Urban, Accelerating Extinction, at 572. 58 McMichael, Climate Change and Human Health. 59 Currie, Children and Climate Change, at 4. 60 UNICEF UK, Children’s Challenge, at 5. 61 AAP, Children’s Health, at 994; Perera, Children Likely to Suffer, at 988. 62 Id. Our Children’s Trust Amicus Curiae Brief 11