88 5. Compliance with State Regulations Regarding Climate Change Lastly, enterprises must comply, cooperate, and not hinder State regulations involving climate change and human rights. This is in accordance with the responsibility laid out in the UNGP-BHR, which provides that: In all contexts, business enterprises should: 1. Comply with all applicable laws and respect internationally recognized human rights, wherever they operate; 2. Seek ways to honour the principles of internationally recognized human rights when faced with conflicting requirements; 3. Treat the risk of causing or contributing to gross human rights abuses as a legal compliance issue wherever they operate.424 Hence, enterprises must comply with the Nationally Determined Commitments of States who are parties to the Paris Agreement and, in general, comply with the targets set by science such as those provided by the IPCC as previously discussed. VIII. Carbon Majors in the Context of Climate Change A. Anthropogenic Contributions to Climate Change is Quantifiable and Substantial The IPCC AR5 attributes climate change predominantly to anthropogenic increases in GHG concentrations.425 It states that more than half of the increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) from 1951 to 2010 is very likely due to such an increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations.426 It also observed that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide has increased to unprecedented levels in at least the last 800,000 years. Carbon dioxide concentrations, primarily from fossil fuel emissions, have increased by 40 percent since pre-industrial times and about 30 percent 424 UNGP-BHR, supra note 313 (Principle 23). 425 IPCC AR5 WG1 at 60 & 869. 426 Id. at 869.