6/7/2020
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It is noted that both the respondents and the CA were silent about the finality and
immutability of the LA's decision.
Ruling of the Court
The appeal is meritorious.
It was entirely unwarranted on the part of the CA to have granted the respondents'
petition for certiorari despite the absence of the showing by them that the NLRC had
gravely abused its discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction.
The LA's decision that was served on the respondents by registered mail was returned
with the notation "Moved Out." In this regard, the NLRC specifically observed that:
It is noteworthy that the service was made by registered mail and We
presume regularity of the service in the absence of proof to the contrary.
Since the postal service stated that the respondents-appellants have moved
out of their address on record and since the latter failed to present
substantial evidence to disprove it, We find no valid reason to rule
otherwise.
It is worth to state that the address currently issued by the respondentappellants is new one as evidenced by the Secretary's Certificate attached to
their appeal (Records, p. 339).[23]
The service of the LA's decision by registered mail was deemed complete five days after
the copy of decision sent to the respondents was returned to the NLRC as the sender.
Such consequence was unavoidable even if the addressees did not actually receive the
copy of the decision. In Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. Heirs of Bernardin J. Zamora,[24] the
petitioner moved to another address without giving a notice of the change of address to
the NLRC. As a result, the copy of the NLRC's decision dispatched to the petitioner's
address of record by registered mail was returned. The Court ruled there as follows:[25]
The rule on service by registered mail contemplates two situations: (1)
actual service, the completeness of which is determined upon receipt by the
addressee of the registered mail; and (2) constructive service, the
completeness of which is determined upon expiration of five days from the
date the addressee received the first notice of the postmaster. A party who
relies on constructive service or who contends that his adversary has
received a copy of a final order or judgment upon the expiration of five days
from the date the addressee received the first notice sent by the postmaster
must prove that the first notice was actually received by the addressee.
Such proof requires a certified or sworn copy of the notice given by the
postmaster to the addressee.
In the instant case, there is no postmaster's certification to the effect that
the registered mail containing the NLRC decision was unclaimed by the
addressee and thus returned to sender, after first notice was sent to and
received by the addressee on a specified date. All that appears from the
records are the envelopes containing the NLRC decision with the stamped
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