Accessibility diverse social and cultural settings” Physical “education has to be within safe physical reach, either by Accessibility attendance at some reasonably convenient geographic location” Economic • “education has to be affordable to all”: Accessibility • while States are obligated to provide free primary education, they are only bound to progressively introduce free secondary and higher education Non“education must be accessible to all, especially the most Discrimination vulnerable groups, in law and fact, without discrimination on any of the prohibited grounds” These elements apply to education in all its levels and forms. The following specific rights under Article 13 therefore include the elements of availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability. Specific Rights under Article 13 The right to primary • primary education is defined as ensuring that the basic learning education – Article needs of children are satisfied: “essential learning tools (such 13(2)(a) as literacy, oral expression, numeracy, and problem solving) and the basic learning content (such as knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes) required by human beings to be able to survive, to develop their full capacities, to live and work in dignity, to participate fully in development, to improve the quality of their lives, to make informed decisions, and to continue learning.”337 • primary education must be compulsory and free for all The right to • secondary school is defined as including “completion of basic secondary education – education and consolidation of the foundations for life-long Article 13(2)(b)338 learning and human development” and preparing “students for vocational and higher educational opportunities.”339 • secondary school may be provided “in its different forms”: “thereby recognizing that secondary education demands flexible curricula and varied delivery systems to respond to the needs of students in different social and cultural settings”340 • secondary school “shall be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education” o “secondary education is not dependent on a student’s apparent capacity or ability and, secondly, that secondary education will be distributed throughout the State in such a way that it is available on the same basis to all”341 o “States parties should adopt varied and innovative approaches to the delivery of secondary education in different social and cultural contexts”342 o “while States must prioritize the provision of free primary education, they also have an obligation to take concrete 86