Separate Opinion 3 G.R. No. 224469 recognize that at least three other members of the Court have also given their positions as regards this case. These opinions are in addition to those espoused by the ponencia. Evidently, interpreting the law as it affects the concerns of IPs and the environment invites diverse points of view which hinders the Court from finding accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt. The ramifications of laying down definitive pronouncements in this case that go beyond the criminal liability of the accused may indeed have far-reaching consequences that are already beyond what is necessary in resolving the instant case. That being said, I shall lay down the bases for my position that petitioners are not liable under P.D. 705. Petitioners did not violate P.D. 705, Sec. 77. P.D. 705, Sec. 77, as amended, states: Section 77. Cutting, Gathering and/or Collecting Timber or Other Forest Products Without License. - Any person who shall cut, gather, collect, remove timber or other forest products from any forest land, or timber from alienable or disposable public land, or from private land, without any authority, or possess timber or other forest products without the legal documents as required under existing forest laws and regulations, shall be punished with the p;nalties imposed under Articles 309 and 310 of the Revised Penal Code: Provided, That in the case of partnerships, associations, or corporations, the officers who ordered the cutting, gathering, collection or possession shall be liable, and if such officers are aliens, they shall, in addition to the penalty, be deported without further proceedings on the part of the Commission on Immigration and Deportation. The Court shall further order the confiscation in favor of the government of the timber or any forest products cut, gathered, collected, removed, or possessed, as well as the machinery, equipment, implements and tools illegally used in the area where the timber or forest products are found. This provision punishes two distinct and separate offenses: ( 1) cutting, gathering, collecting, or removing timber or other forest products fi:om ,any forest land, or timber from alienable or disposable public land, or from private land without any authority; and (2) possession of timber or other forest products without the legal documents required under existing forest laws and regulations. 3 Bon v. People, 464 Phil. 125 (2004); Lalican v. Hon. Vergara, 342 Phil. 485 (1997); Reva/do v. People, 603 Phil. 332 (2009).