CEDAW/C/PHI/4 English Page 55 221. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, in cooperation with ILO, launched the entrepreneurship on migrant earnings project to start off initiatives for programmes that will assist returning migrants in establishing viable and sustainable livelihood projects. The project, which has been made part of the integrated livelihood programmes of the Department of Labour and Employment, involves skills upgrading, entrepreneurship development training and business awareness. Other developments 222. The Philippine representatives to the United Nations took the lead in the adoption in April 1995 of a resolution that tackled the plight of women migrant workers. Other issues 223. Employment as a major development strategy requires more policy reforms and long-term strategies, including solid guarantees for women's equal access to employment, as spelled out in the proposed National Employment Plan. 224. In addition, the Structural Adjustment Program and its possible effects on women workers needs to be considered carefully. With the Philippines' ratification of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), adjustment measures will need to be implemented both to cushion the possible temporary displacement of workers and to help the sectors favourably affected to respond to increased demand for qualified workers. 225. Women trade unionists figure prominently as board members, secretaries, treasurers and auditors - positions that may be regarded as extensions of their mother/housewife roles. Women's relegation to lower positions in the unions reflects to some extent their socialization as men's subordinates. Other barriers to their equal participation include lack of time (because of their multiple roles as mother, wife and worker), lack of support (the trade union culture being male-oriented) and less access to training and education. These constraints in effect deny women's fair representation in both policy-making and decision-making in trade unions. Affirmative measures therefore need to be applied in order to promote women's empowerment and reduce the barriers to inequality in trade union participation. /...