E. KIDNAPPING
‘Kidnapping’ refers to unlawfully detaining, taking away and/or confining a victim without
their consent by persons or groups not acting with the support or acquiescence of the State,
and the unlawful detention and/or confinement was met by a failure of due diligence on
the part of the State in responding to the unlawful detention, such a failure motivated by
the victim or associate engaging in activities as a journalist, trade unionist or human rights
defender, corresponding to ICCS codes 020221 and coded herein as E [020221]
020221 Kidnapping
Unlawfully detaining or taking away a
person or persons for the purpose of
demanding an illicit gain, any other
economic gain or other material benefit for
their liberation or in order to oblige
someone to do or not to do something.
020222
Illegal restraint
Unlawful detainment of a person or
persons against their will (including
through the use of force; threat; fraud or
enticement), where the person is not
transported to a different location.
020223Hijacking
Unlawful seizure of a vehicle or craft
carrying among its passengers a journalist,
trade unionist or human rights defender,
through the use of force or threat of force.
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Inclusions: Kidnapping
Exclusions: Abduction of a minor
(02021); trafficking in persons (0204);
illegal adoption (020291); taking a
hostage (020222); apply all exclusions
listed in 02022
Inclusions: Hostage taking
Exclusions: Abduction of a minor
(02021); TIP (0204); illegal adoption
(020291); forced marriage (020292);
unlawfully detaining a person for the
purposes of demanding an illicit gain
for their liberation (020221); apply all
exclusions listed in 02022
Inclusions: Hijacking of an aircraft,
car, bus, ship or other motor vehicle
Exclusions: Electronic or
communication-related hijacking
(0903); violence, detention, rape or
depredation committed for private
ends by the crew or the passengers of
a private ship or aircraft directed on
the high seas against another ship,
aircraft or against persons or property
on board a ship or aircraft (11012);
theft of a motor vehicle or other types
of theft (0502); robbery (0401); apply
all exclusions listed in 02022
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