Climate Change, Health, and Costs
Figure 7
9
Tajikistan’s Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability to Climate Changea
Adaptive Capacity Index for Climate Change
25
20
15
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Vulnerability to Climate Change Index
25
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10
5
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FYR = former Yugoslav Republic.
a
The adaptive capacity index is estimated by combining social measures (income inequality), economic measures (GDP per capita)
and institutional measures. The lower the value of the index, the lower the estimated adaptive capacity. The vulnerability index is
a composite index that combines estimates of exposure to climate change, sensitivity to climate change, and adaptive capacity.
The higher the value of the index, the greater the estimated vulnerability.
Source: World Bank. 2009. Adapting to Climate Change in Europe and Central Asia. Washington, DC.
Using the Policy Analysis for the Greenhouse Effect Integrated Assessment Model, Stern (2006)
estimates the total cost of a business-as-usual climate change scenario over a period of 200 years. This cost
includes the “market impacts” of climate change (impacts on goods and services for which market prices can
be used to monetize the impacts into costs), as well as the “non-market impacts” of climate change, which
in the Stern Review include impacts on environment and human health. Based solely on market impacts, the