2 Accounting for Health Impacts of Climate Change health impacts and costs of climate change are likely to overwhelm the capacity of the public sector to offer even basic health care services in times of needs. The Commission on Climate Change and Development and the World Health Organization (WHO) have stated that the health sector needs to be involved in strategic planning in sectors such as agriculture, water, and disaster management. This includes ensuring the integration of health concerns into national adaptation programs of action. ADB has developed an operational plan and WHO has adopted a regional framework that explicitly recognizes the importance of addressing the health impacts of climate change. The documents point out the need to account for the potential health impacts of adaptation investments in other key sectors such as transport, energy, agriculture, urban development, and water financing. The analysis presented in this study shows that accounting for the health impacts of climate change demands better use of existing information and systems and new, accessible tools and frameworks to help the decision-making process. In particular, given the existing practice of subjecting investment projects to an analysis of their economic and financial costs and benefits, it is here argued that explicitly accounting for the health impacts of investment projects in sectors such as agriculture and water, as well as in projects aimed at mitigating natural disasters, implies including these health impacts within the framework of the cost–benefit analysis of these projects. Without explicit inclusion, adaptation investments in these sectors and programs will underestimate the true economic benefits of projects, which may lead to a project being unduly rejected, or the wrong option (in the context of a cost-effectiveness analysis) being selected. In both cases, the health impacts of climate change will be larger than they would otherwise have been, had the project not been rejected or the correct option been selected. Section III discusses briefly the relationship between health and climate change. Section IV presents an approach to account for the health benefits of adaptation investments in water and agriculture, as well as for mitigation of natural disasters. Conclusions are offered in Section V.