Submission in Support of Petitioners Case No. CHR-NI-2016-0001 prevent to the greatest extent possible the current and future negative human rights impacts of climate change.” 54  States are accountable to rights-holders “for failure to adequately regulate the emissions of businesses under their jurisdiction regardless of where such emissions or their harms actually occur.”55  “Those affected [by climate change], now and in the future, must have access to meaningful remedies including judicial and other redress mechanisms.”56 These findings are based on the rights and obligations enshrined in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and other human rights instruments. This section will review the relevant findings of UN bodies and other legal and technical experts detailing precisely how the impacts of climate change identified in the first part of this submission affect and will affect specific rights, including the right to life, right to health, right to clean water and sanitation, right to food, right to adequate housing, right to self-determination and development, and right to equality and non-discrimination. 1. Right to Life The UDHR and the ICCPR recognize that every human being has an inherent right to life, liberty, and security of person.57 The United Nations Human Rights Committee (“HR Committee”) has noted that the right to life “should not be interpreted narrowly” and that “the protection of this right requires that States adopt positive measures” to protect life from foreseeable harms.58 For example, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has maintained that states must “take reasonable preventative action to reduce exposure and 54 Id. at 2. Id. at 3. 56 Id. 57 UDHR Art. 3, ICCPR Arts. 6, 9. 58 HR Committee General Comment No. 6, ¶¶ 1, 5, UN Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 (1994). 55 Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School 13