Submission in Support of Petitioners Case No. CHR-NI-2016-0001 the obligations of states to take action to address these harmful effects.51 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment, and other UN subsidiary bodies and affiliated organizations have also issued numerous reports detailing the linkages between climate change and human rights law.52 One of the most recent reports from the OHCHR contained the following key findings about climate change, human rights, and state obligations in this context:  “Climate change and its impacts, including sea-level rise, extreme weather events and droughts have already inflicted human rights harms on millions of people.” 53  “States must act to limit anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g., mitigate climate change), including through regulatory measures, in order to 51 UNHRC Res. 7/23, Human Rights and Climate Change, A/HRC/Res/7/23 (March 2008); UNHRC Res. 10/4, Human Rights and Climate Change, A/HRC/Res/10/4 (March 25, 2009); UNHRC Res. 18/22, Human Rights and Climate Change, A/HRC/Res/18/22 (Oct. 17, 2011); UNHRC Res. 26/27, Human Rights and Climate Change, A/HRC/Res/26/27 (July 15, 2014); UNHRC Res. 29/15, Human Rights and Climate Change, A/HRC/Res/29/15 (July 2, 2015); UNHRC Res. 32/33, Human Rights and Climate Change, A/HRC/RES/32/33 (July 18, 2016) 52 See, e.g., OHCHR, Discussion Paper: The Rights of Those Disproportionately Impacted by Climate Change (2016); OHCHR, Taking Action on Human Rights and Climate Change (2016); OHCHR & The Mary Robinson Foundation, Human Rights, Migration, and Displacement Related to the Adverse Impacts of Climate Change (2016); OHCHR, Draft Summary of Recommended Actions on Human Rights and Climate Change from OHCHR Expert Meeting of 6-7 October (2016); OHCHR, Understanding Human Rights and Climate Change, Submission of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2015); UNHCR, UNCHR, The Environment & Climate Change (2015); OHCHR, Report of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Outcome of the Seminar Addressing the Adverse Impacts of Climate Change on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights, A/HRC/20/7 (2012); OHCHR, Applying a Human Rights-Based Approach to Climate Change Negotiations, Policies and Measures (2010); OHCHR, Report of the OHCHR on the Relationship Between Climate Change and Human Rights, UN Doc. A/HRC/10/61 (2009); UN Independent Expert on Human Rights and the Environment, Focus Report on Human Rights and Climate Change (2014); UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME, CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN Rights (2015); Rabab Fatima et al., Human Rights, Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Migration: A New Paradigm, IOM Issue in Brief, Issue No. 8 (March 2014). Many regional bodies also have issued decisions on the linkages between climate change and human rights. See African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), Resolution on Climate Change and Human Rights and the Need to Study its Impact in Africa, ACHPR/Res.153(XLVI)09 (2009); Organization of American States, General Assembly, Resolution 2429: "Human Rights and Climate Change in the Americas", AG/Res. 2429 (XXXVIII-O/08) (OAS June 3, 2008). 53 OHCHR (2015), supra note 52, at 2. Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School 12