Last updated: 2018-06-08 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Labour Organization (ILO) 1. Data reporter (CONTACT) 1.a. Organisation (CONTACT_ORGANISATION) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Labour Organization (ILO) 2. Definition, concepts, and classifications (IND_DEF_CON_CLASS) 2.a. Definition and concepts (STAT_CONC_DEF) Definition: This indicator is defined as the number of verified cases of killing, enforced disappearance, torture, arbitrary detention, kidnapping and other harmful acts committed against journalists, trade unionists and human rights defenders on an annual basis. ‘Journalists’ refers to everyone who observes, describes, documents and analyses events, statements, policies, and any propositionsthat can affect society, with the purpose of systematizing such information and gathering of facts and analyses to inform sectors of society or soci ety as a whole, and others who share these journalistic functions, including all media workers and support staff, as well as community media workers and so-called “citizen journalists” when they momentarily play that role,2 professional full-time reporters and analysts, as well as bloggers and others who engage in forms of selfpublication in print, on the internet or elsewhere.3 ‘Trade unionists’ refers to everyone exercising their right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of their interests.4 A trade union is an association of workers organized to protect and promote their common interests.5 ‘Human rights defenders’ refers to everyone exercising their right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms at national and international levels,6 including some journalists and trade unionists. While the term ‘human rights advocate’ is broadly speaking a synonymous of ‘human rights defender,’ the latter is preferred as it is more consistent with internationally agreed human rights standards and established practice. The different categories of violations tracked by the indicator have been defined in accordance with international law and methodological standards and monitoring practices developed by the OHCHR and other international mechanisms and classified drawing on the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) disseminated by the UN Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC). As such: • ‘Killing’ is defined as any extrajudicial execution or other unlawful killing by State actors or other actors acting with the State’s permission, support or acquiescence that were motivated by the victim, or someone associated with the victim, engaging in activities as a journalist, trade unionist or human rights defender; or while the victim was engaged in such activities; or by persons or groups not acting with the support or acquiescence of the State whose harmful acts were either motivated by the victim engaging in activities as a journalist, trade unionist or human rights defender, and/or met by a failure of due diligence on the part of the State in responding to these harmful acts, such a failu re motivated by the victim or associate engaging in activities as a journalist, trade unionist or human rights defender; and other unlawful attacks and destruction in violation of