Biogas-project in the rural community of Badreni, Nepal. Recommendations Based on the following summary of human rights obligations and implementation, this report makes the following recommendations on how the UNFCCC Parties and other actors can better integrate human rights considerations into their mitigation and adaptation activities. 4.1 International Cooperation More Ambitious Mitigation Targets – Even if all of the INDCs are fully implemented, the anticipated level of global warming will result in extreme climatic and environmental impacts and widespread adverse effects on human rights. The Parties should continue to increase their mitigation ambition so as to ensure that the global average temperature increase remains at or below 2.0°C, and preferably 1.5°C. To this end, the Paris agreement should include a schedule for assessing and revisiting country commitments with the aim of increasing, over time, the ambition of the climate targets set by countries. Another way to encourage more ambition would be to establish scientifically-based targets for all countries and then assess the performance of countries with respect to these targets. The targets could account for countries’ historical and current GHG emissions (on a countrywide, per capita, and per unit of GDP basis) as well as the financial and technical capacity of the country to make emissions reductions. Nations should also undertake efforts to reduce emissions above and beyond their international commitments. Recognize the Link Between Climate Change and Human Rights in the Paris Agreement: The COP should expressly refer to both the effects of climate change on the exercise of human rights and the need for Parties to respect, protect, promote, and fulfill human rights in all climate-related activities. This could include: (i) recognizing the human rights-climate change nexus in the preamble to the agreement; (ii) noting that one purpose of the agreement is to protect, respect, and fulfill the human rights of all persons; (iii) calling for mitigation commitments that are sufficient to fully protect human rights; (iv) calling upon the parties to ensure that all mitigation and adaptation activities do not violate human rights; and (v) incorporating more robust human rights safeguards into climate finance mechanisms. 40 R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S http://www.grida.no/photolib/detail/biogas-project-in-badreninepal-for-climate-forests-and-health_e36f# PART IV Peter Prokosch CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN RIGHTS