The disclosures made by the respondents support the observations stated in the General Recommendation 38, UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) that socio-economic injustice, demand that fosters exploitation and leads to trafficking, and the use of digital technology are among the roots of trafficking of women and girls. Respondents have disclosed that they come from low-income families. Some respondents were victimized through online means brought by the demands of foreigners outside the jurisdiction of the Philippines. Although some key offices in combatting trafficking were identified to have helped the survivors, not all respondents have received government assistance after the trafficking incidents were exposed, as evidenced by the varied responses of the respondents on the aid and assistance they have received from the government offices. The assistance from non-government organizations was recognized by the respondents in providing them different services such as legal representation, referrals, shelter, livelihood, education, among others. While all respondents agree that being rescued has helped them heal from their disturbing experiences, the majority of them lamented several issues in handling their situation after the rescue including the lack of proper notice after being compulsorily placed at centers, concerns over their mental and emotional health, the lack of opportunities to meet their families while inside the shelters, and the apprehensions of respondents in reintegrating to their communities after their life at the shelters. With some respondents subjected to sexual exploitation online, their trafficking cases represented by CLB were not prosecuted based on a specific law concerning OSEC. Instead, these cases are prosecuted in several available laws such as the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, Anti-Child Pornography Law, or the Child Abuse Law. This also supports the statement made in the UN CEDAW Committee’s 2016 Concluding Observations (CO) for the Philippines on the continuing gaps in addressing trafficking where it stated that the current legal framework does not explicitly cover contemporary methods, such as “online matchmaking, which can be used as a tool for trafficking in persons. VIII. Recommendations While the Philippines strives to take appropriate measures to suppress all forms of traffic in women34 as part of its international obligations, the fight against trafficking of women and girls should be sustained and continued, especially in the use of online or digital technologies to facilitate trafficking. This means that efforts shall be concretized through policy changes, including the amendments to Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act and the eventual passage of a separate legislation punishing online sexual abuse and exploitation of children (OSAEC). Through policy amendments, it would address the need to combat trafficking in these contemporary times. 34 Article 6, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 51

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