Of total KCD expenditures, nearly all (95% , or PHP 2.1 billion) is for DOST, one of the designated lead NGAs (Figure 11). Compared to 2015, this is a 47% decrease in DOST’s climate budget for KCD. DOST expenditures for KCD mainly support: (i) research, development and extension work for science and technology activities and (ii) weather, climate, and flood forecasting and warning. Additionally, DILG, which is also designed as a lead for KCD, made up 4% of total KCD expenditures. However, no NGA has allocated a climate budget for the outcome on establishing a gendered CC knowledge management system. Figure 11: Knowledge and Capacity Developm ent, 2016 clim ate budget expenditures by NGA DENR 1.21% DILG 4% PCOO 0.14% DND 0.02% DOST   OEO 0.002% DILG   DENR   PCOO   DOST 95% DND   OEO   Key PAPs in the 2015 budget that contribute to KCD objectives Nearly all (93%) of KCD climate expenditures are concentrated in two PAPs: Funding Assistance to Science and Technology Activities (DOST-OSEC, PHP 1.1 billion, compared to PHP .73 billion in FY 2015) aims to support and generate research, development, and extension work. Weather and Climate Service (DOSTPAGASA, PHP 0.94 billion, compared to PHP 2.9 billion in FY 2015): With its mandate, PAGASA generates and disseminates weather, climate, and flood forecasts and warning based on 260,304 real-time weather • • observations from its 591 observation stations. PAGASA completed a number of locally-funded and foreign-assisted projects in 2015, leading to a decline in the climate expenditure in the 2016 (-69%). For example, the JICA-assisted rehabilitation of meteorological radar system in typhoon Yolanda-affected Guiuan, and the improvement of flood forecasting and warning system in Bicol river basin were both completed. In addition, DOST seeks to improve KCD through the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology’s (PHIVOLCS) activities on strengthening disaster preparedness from multiple hazards, including climate- and weather-related hazards (PHP 0.10 billion for five PAPs, compared to PHP 0.06 billion in FY 2015). While the PHIVOLCS has the smallest climate expenditure in the KCD strategic priority, it has the fastest rate of growth of 81% increase over the FY 2015 GAA.   27