temperatures resulting in a multitude of climate change impacts. For example, as discussed in the Statement of Facts, the current or predicted climate impacts in the Alabat and Verde Island communities have resulted and/or will likely result in the infringements of the people’s human rights. The Interpretive Guide describes the ways in which a business’s activities may “cause,” “contribute,” or “be directly linked” to adverse impacts on human rights.66 For example, a corporation may be deemed to have caused an adverse impact if it is the “sole or main source” of environmental harm in a community.67 A corporation may have contributed to an adverse impact if it is one among other sources that have caused such harm or if it provides products or services to a third party that then causes harm.68 Business activities can be directly linked to adverse impacts if the corporation supplies products or services to an entity that causes or contributes to adverse impacts.69 With respect to “cause” and “contribute”, a corporation that is responsible for the adverse impacts “should cease or change the activity… in order to prevent or mitigate the chance of the impact occurring or recurring;” and if an impact does occur, remediation is necessary “either directly or in cooperation with others (be it the courts, the Government, other enterprises involved or other third parties).”70 Whereas for “directly linked”, the corporation has a responsibility to use its “leverage to encourage the entity that caused or contributed to the impact to prevent or mitigate its recurrence.”71 Despite the scientifically established links between carbon emissions from fossil fuel production and climate change and ocean acidification, and the resulting human rights implications, there are fossil fuel companies actively preventing action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and solutions by denying the science and running campaigns of confusion, similar to the tactics employed by the tobacco industry.72 For example, according to !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 66 Interpretive Guide, supra note 25, at 17, box 2. Id. 68 Id. 69 Id. 70 Id. at 18. 71 Id. 72 See Public Health Law Center, United States v. Philip Morris (D.O.J. Lawsuit), http://publichealthlawcenter.org/topics/tobacco-control/tobacco-control-litigation/united-states-v-philip67 ! ! ! ! ! ! 33 !