04/02/2020 E-Library - Information At Your Fingertips: Printer Friendly [38] Sections 74 to 77. [39] Section 69. [40] Section 73. [41] Convention Conerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, June 27, 1989. [42] Guide to R.A. 8371, published by the Coalition for Ips Rights and ancestral Domains in cooperation with the ILO and Bilance-Asia Department, p. 4 [1999]-hereinafter referred to as Guide to R.A. 8371. [43] Taken from the list of IPs sbmitted by Rep. Andolana to the house of Representatives during the deliberations on H.B. No. 9125--Interpellations of Aug. 20, 1997, pp. 00086-00095. "lost tribes" such as the Lutangan and Tatang have not been included. [44] How these people came to the Philippines may be explained by two theories. One view, generally linked to Professor Otley H. Beyer, suggests the "wave theory"-a series of arrivals in the archipelago bringing in different types and levels of culture. The Negritos, dark-skinned pygmies, came between 25,000 to 30,000 B.C. Their cultural remains are preserved by the Negrito-type Filipinos found in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Their relatively inferior culture did not enable them to overcome the pressures from the second wave of people, the Indonesians A and B who came in 5,000 and 3,500 B.C. They are represented today by the Kalinga, Gaddang, Isneg, Mangyan, Tagbanua, Manobo, Mandaya, Subanon, and Sama. The first group was pushed inland as the second occupied the coastal and downriver settlements. The last wave involved Malay migrations between 500 B.C. and 1,500 A.D. they had a more advanced culture based on metal age technology. They are represented by the Christianized and Islamized Filipinos who pushed the Indonesian groups inland and occupied much of the coastal, lowland and downstream areas. A second view is postulated by Robert Fox, F. Landa Jocana, Alfredo Evangelista, and Jesus Peralta. Jocano maintains that the Negritos, Indonesians and Malays stand coequal as ethnic groups without any one being dominant, racially or culturally. The geographic distribution of the ethno-linguistic groups, which shows overlapping of otherwise similar racial strains in both upland and lowland cultures or coastal and inland communities, suggests a random and unstructured advent of different kinds of groups in the archipelago--Samuel K. Tan, A History of the Philippines, published by the Manila Studies Association, Inc. and the Philippine National Historical society, Inc., pp. 33-34 [1997]; Teodoro A. Agoncillo, History of the Filipino People, p. 21 [1990]. [45] Tan, supra, at 35-36. [46] Onofre D. Corpuz, The Roots of the Filipino Nation, Philippine Centennial (1898- 1998) Edition, vol. 1, p. 13, Aklahi foundation, Inc. [1989]. It was in 800-1,000 A.D. that the Ifugaos of Northern Luzon built the rice terraces--Id. at 37. elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocsfriendly/1/36882 57/148