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[65] Constantino, supra, at 38.
[66] Corpuz, supra, at 39.
[67] Resettlement-- "bajo el son de la campana" (under the sound of the bell) or
"bajo el toque de la campana" (Under the peal of the bell).
[68] People v. Cayat, 68 Phil. 12, 17 [1939].
[69] Id. at 17, citing the Decree of the Governor-General of the Philippines, Jan. 14,
1887.
[70] Agoncillo, supra, at 80.
[71] Id. at 80.
[72] Corpuz, supra, at 277-278.
[73] Id. at 277.
[74] Id., N.B. But see discussion in Cariño v. Insular Government, infra, where the
United States Supreme Court found that the Spanish decrees in the Philippines
appeared to recognize that the natives owned some land.
Whether in the
implementation of these decrees the natives' ancestral rights to land were
actually respected was not discussed by the U.S. Supreme Court; see also
Note 131, infra.
[75] Tan, supra, at 49-50.
[76] Id. at 67.
[77] Id. at 52-53.
[78] Id. at 53.
[79] Id. at 55.
[80] People v. Cayat, 68 Phil. 12, 17 [1939].
[81] Memorandum of the Secretary of the Interior, quoted in Rubi v. Provincial Board
of Mindoro, 39 Phil. 660, 714 [1919]; also cited in People v. Cayat, supra, at 17-18.
[82] Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro, supra, at 693.
[83] Charles Macdonald, Indigenous Peoples of the Philippines: Between Segregation
and Integration, Indigenous Peoples of Asia, p. 348, ed. by R.H. Barnes, A. Gray
and B. Kingsburry, pub. by Association for Asian Studies [1995]. The BNCT made a
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