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time he filed his complaint, he was still under temporary total disability. Instead of
continuing his treatment which is still within the 240-day period allowed for the
company-designated physician to evaluate his condition, he filed a case for total and
permanent disability benefits despite the absence of a definite finding from the
company-designated physician. He was armed only with the interim assessment of the
company-designated physician which did not give him the cause of action for his claim.
It was only after the filing of such complaint or on July 9, 2012 that he sought the
opinion of his own physician, Dr. Cadag. As such, the complaint should have been
dismissed for lack of cause of action.[43]
From the foregoing, Torillos had no cause of action for total and permanent disability
claim. At most, he is only qualified to claim partial permanent disability benefits
equivalent to Grade 8 disability rating under the POEA-SEC, as reflected in Dr. Cruz' last
assessment report.
Torillos is not entitled to attorney's fees.
In labor cases, attorney's fees are awarded when there is unlawful withholding of
wages or benefits due,[44] forcing the employee to litigate.[45] In the present case,
there was no unlawful withholding of benefits to speak of. As discussed, Torillos filed a
case against Eastgate while he was still undergoing treatment and without yet a final
disability assessment from the company-designated physician. His act was premature
which stripped him of entitlement to attorney's fees.
Besides, Torillos was already barred from claiming attorney's fees for his failure to
timely file an appeal from the October 29, 2012 Decision of the Labor Arbiter which did
not award attorney's fees in his favor. In his Memorandum of Partial Appeal, Torillos
alleged that he timely filed his appeal within the prescriptive period from his receipt of
the January 3, 2013 Decision of the Labor Arbiter. However, the reglementary period
should be counted from the receipt of the October 29, 2012 Decision and not from the
January 3, 2013 Decision. The January 3, 2013 Decision was only an amendment to the
October 29, 2012 Decision to correct a mere clerical error, i.e., to correct the names of
the parties in the dispositive portion of the decision, and thus, was not a new
judgment.[46] As such, the period for filing the appeal should still be counted from the
receipt of the original judgment.[47]
WHEREFORE, the assailed April 1, 2014 Decision and December 15, 2014 Resolution
of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 130976 are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. A
new judgment is rendered finding Edgar L. Torillos entitled to disability benefits
corresponding only to Grade 8. Eastgate Maritime Corporation, F.J. Lines, Inc., Panama,
and Emmanuel L. Regio are ordered to jointly and solidarily pay Edgar L. Torillos
US$16,795.00 (US$50,000.00 x 33.59%) or its equivalent amount in Philippine
currency at the time of payment.
SO ORDERED.
Bersamin, Jardeleza, Gesmundo, and Carandang, JJ., concur.
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