Memorandum for the Petitioners |165 9.30. Under international law States, including the Philippines, owe a duty of cooperation. In the environmental context, cooperation is aimed at mitigating transboundary risks and emergencies and is closely connected with the obligation of prevention and the no-harm rule. It also includes the duty to consult and negotiate, and reflects the need for institutional cooperation.” 9.31. Considering the scale and nature of the climate crisis, combatting climate change and its impacts on people can only occur through international cooperation, as stated in the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and in multiple other multilateral environmental agreements.”*° 9.32. Under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, provision is made for voluntary cooperation among parties so that more ambitious nationallydetermined contributions may be set. Article 7 of the Paris Agreement foresees a role for cooperation in strengthening national adaptation efforts. The Paris Agreement also envisages cooperation in technology development and transfer under Article 10. Finally, Article 12 provides for cooperative efforts around climate change education, awareness, public participation, and public access to information. 9.33. The petitioners most respectfully pray that the Honorable Commission recommends the present administration to seek enhanced international cooperation on combatting the climate crisis, and encourages other States, especially States where respondent Carbon Majors are registered, to take steps to prevent, remedy, and eliminate human rights violations or threats of violations resulting from the impacts of climate change, or to seek a remedy through international mechanisms. 9.34. States should also cooperate and “limit fossil fuel businesses and their industry associations from influencing climate, energy, and environmental policies, in light of their responsibility for the majority of emissions and their well-known efforts to subvert and deny scientific evidence of climate change. This is a key element of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which limits the involvement of tobacco companies in health policy,” as stated in the U.N. Special Rapporteur’s 2019 UN Safe Climate Report.’*' 735 Knox, J. (2018), Report of the Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment, Framework Principle 13, p. 15-16, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G 18/017/42/PDF/G 1801742.pdf?OpenElement (last accessed on 12 September 2019) 756 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Preamble, Articles 3, 4, 7 and 9; Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, Article 2(b); Paris Agreement Articles 6, 7, 10, and 12. 757 UN Safe Climate Report, supra note 126, p. 21.