Decision 14 G.R. No. 221139 MANNER THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, MORAL AND POLITICAL AND ADVANCEMENT OF THE NON-CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS OR NATIONAL CULTURAL MINORITIES AND TO RENDER REAL, COMPLETE AND PERMANENT THE INTEGRATION OF ALL SAID NATIONAL CULTURAL MINORITIES INTO THE BODY POLITIC, CREATING THE COMMISSION ON NATIONAL INTEGRATION CHARGED WITH SAID FUNCTIONS SECTION 1. It is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress to foster, accelerate and accomplish by all adequate means and in a systematic, rapid and complete manner the moral, material, economic, social and political advancement of the Non-Christian Filipinos, hereinafter called National Cultural Minorities, and to render real, complete and permanent the integration of all the said National Cultural Minorities into the body politic. 55 The 1973 Constitution devoted one (1) provision to "national cultural minorities." Its Article XV, Section 11 read: SECTION 11. The State shall consider the customs, traditions, beliefs, and interests of national cultural communities iln the formulation and implementation of State policies. Section 11 began to deviate from the rigid view that it is indigenous people who must reconcile themselves with the mainstream. It expressly recognized that national cultural minorities were typified by their "customs, traditions, beliefs, and interests[.]" More important, unlike prior legal formulations, it committed to national cultural minorities the "consider[ ation of their] customs, traditions, beliefs, and interests ... in the formulation and implementation of State policies." Under the 1973 Constitution, former President Ferdinand E. Marcos enacted Presidential Decree No. 1414, creating the Office of the Presidential Assistant on National Minorities. With its policy of G'integrat[ing] into the mainstream ... groups who seek full integration into the larger community, and at the same time protect[ing] the rights of those who wish to preserve their original lifeways beside that larger community[,Y' 56 Presidential Decree No. 1414 maintained the drive for integration, but conceded that indigenous peoples may want preservation rather than admission. The 1987 Constitution reorients the State toward enabling indigenous peoples to maintain their identity. It declines articulating policies of integration and assimilation and transcends the 1973 Constitution's undertaking to "consider." Instead, it commits to not only recognize, but also promote, "the rights of indigenous cultural communities." 57 It expressly 55 Rep. Act No. 1888 (1957), sec. I. 56 Pres. Decree No. 1414 (1978), sec. I. 57 CONST., Art. II, sec. 22. I