V. >> F ramework in Practice - Implementing and Monitoring Rights >> Interpreting statistical information from a human rights perspective The average, deprivation and inequalities perspectives and the related disaggregation requirement are equally relevant to the promotion and assessment of the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political or social rights. For instance, statistical indicators on the incidence of crimes or abuse, such as the proportion of women or target Fig. XIX population groups with specific characteristics (e.g., age, ethnicity, wealth, educational attainment) that are victims of violence would benefit from this three-pronged analysis. The same could be true for indicators on the proportion of a population group holding managerial positions in the public or private sectors.22 Using ratios to analyse access to education A Net primary enrolment ratio B Net primary enrolment ratio for girls C Net primary enrolment ratio for girls from targeted population (e.g., ethnic group/ rural) If A > B and B > C consistently, there may be good reasons to suggest problems of access to primary education affecting girls in general and girls from the targeted population in particular. Further qualitative analysis would, however, always be desirable to understand the extent of the problem. In general, human rights assessment can benefit from the application of statistical analysis and benchmarking techniques to the available indicators: Trend analysis involves comparisons of suc cessive values of an indicator over two or more time periods. For example, one could highlight the rapid decline in a country’s child mortality rates (average perspective) while for certain ethnic groups they remain stagnant (deprivation and inequality perspectives). One could also observe the trend in budget allocations for the administration of justice not matching the State’s stated position and commitment to the issue, after accounting for inflation. 22. A  s highlighted in chapter III, there are important challenges to disaggregation. In particular, it is important to know the proportion of the considered subpopulation (e.g., ethnic group) in the total population in order to make rigorous inferences at a global level. This underlines the importance of a census. Moreover, disaggregated data sets are smaller than the data sets from which they are extracted. Consequently, in the case of statistical samples, the sampling error (see Glossary of statistical terms) will be higher. 130 Human Rights Indicators