V. >> F ramework in Practice - Implementing and Monitoring Rights >> Interpreting statistical information from a human rights perspective When indicators are readily available, an analysis and assessment combining three measurement perspectives can be systematically carried out, especially using outcome and process indicators. The “average perspective” shows the country’s overall progress, the “deprivation perspective” shows the progress for its most deprived groups and the “inequality perspective” shows progress in narrowing inequalities between its population groups or regions. UNDP in its Human Development Report 2000 brought out the significance of applying these distinct perspectives for studying a human rights situation (fig. XVI). To illustrate this, consider the census of India statistics on literacy for the population aged 7 years or more. It is a useful summary outcome indicator for tracking the right to education. In 2001, the national overall literacy rate was 64.8 per cent, 75.3 per cent Fig. XVII for men and 53.7 per cent for women. In 2011 the overall literacy rate increased to 74 per cent, 82.1 per cent for men and 65.5 per cent for women. So, on average, nearly three quarters of the population (7 years or more) was literate by 2011, up from about two thirds in 2001. The deprivation perspective shows that in 2001 only 5 out of 10 women were literate as against 7 out of 10 men. Though in 2011 women continued to be more deprived than men on this front, the gap between them in literacy fell from 21.6 percentage points in 2001 to 16.7 percentage points in 2011. While in 2001 there were 7 literate women for every 10 literate men, in 2011 there were 8. The gender inequality gap in literacy is being bridged as women catch up. Such analysis and assessment, illustrated in figure XVII, can be carried out using additional disaggregated information. Visualizing the three perspectives for literacy in India India, 2001 and 2011 Population literacy rates, 7 years or more (per cent) 90 Men-women inequality declining 80 Men Men Average 70 Average 60 Women 50 Women 40 2001 Women are more deprived Year Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, Provisional population totals, Paper 1 of 2011 India Series 1 (chap. 6). 128 Human Rights Indicators 2011