40 - Integrating Climate into our Strategy Indicators 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 51.6 46.3 47.0 46.0 44.3 41.8 Upstream (E1–C3)1 26.0 22.1 23.4 23.5 22.1 19.3 Refining & Chemicals (E1-C3) 25.4 24.0 23.4 22.3 22.0 22.3 Marketing & Services (E1-C3) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Europe (E1-C3) 25.6 23.8 22.8 22.1 21.2 22.3 Africa (E1-C3) 16.0 11.9 14.2 14.7 14.2 11.6 Americas (E1-C3) 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 CIS and Asia (E1-C3) 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.3 Middle East (E1-C3) 2.4 3.3 2.8 1.9 1.3 0.8 CO2 (E1-C1) 47.6 43.1 43.5 43.5 41.3 38.9 Methane – CH4 (E1-C1) 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.0 2.5 2.3 N2O (E1-C1) 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 SCOPE 1 Group’s equity share of direct greenhouse gas emissions (Mt CO2-eq) 59 53 53 51 54 50 SCOPE 2 Indirect emissions (E1-S1) (Mt CO2-eq) 5.4 5.5 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 SCOPE 32 Other indirect emissions – Use of products sold (E1-S2) (Mt CO2-eq) 630 600 560 550 550 530 Net primary energy consumption (operated scope) (TWh) (E2-C1) 157 158 159 157 153 153 Daily flaring (including routine, start-up, operational and safety flaring – operated 14.5 10.0 10.8 10.8 9.8 7.2 22.6 21.6 23.7 24.2 25.4 21.8 SCOPE 1 Total direct greenhouse gas emissions (operated scope) (Mt CO2-eq) BREAKDOWN BY SEGMENT (Mt CO2-eq) BREAKDOWN BY REGION (Mt CO2-eq) BREAKDOWN BY TYPE OF GREENHOUSE GAS (Mt CO2-eq) scope) (E4-C1) (Mcu m/d) GHG intensity of oil and gas produced (operated scope) (kg/CO2-eq/boe) 1  he references provided in parentheses refer to the 2015 edition of the Oil and Gas Industry Guidance on Voluntary Sustainability Reporting published by IPIECA, API and IOGP. T E(x) refers to an environmental indicator. C(x) refers to a common reporting element. S(x) refers to a supplemental reporting element. 2  or information purposes, we calculate and publish emissions related our products that undergo combustion. F We use a simplified approach that applies emissions factors to our sales, because they exceed emissions related to our production and refining operations. This method is compliant with the oil and gas industry recommendations soon to be published in the form of a methodology guide.