ENDNOTES 1 Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, Egypt, Sept. 5-13, 1994, U.N. Doc. A/ CONF.171/13/Rev.1 (1995). 22 Forsaken Lives, supra note 8 at 14; Unintended Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion in the Philippines, supra note 18. 2 See, U.N. General Assembly Res. 16/35, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1 (21 October 2015) [hereinafter Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]. 24 Philippine Commission on Population, Precious and Precarious: The Life of Filipino Mothers, State of Population Report 6, 23 (2015). 3 The Constitution 4 Id., at art. XVII. 5 Phil. Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815), arts. 256-259 (1930). 6 Phil. Revised Penal Code, Act No. 3815, art. 11 (4) (The following requisites must be present: (a) the evil sought to be avoided actually exists; (b) the injury feared be greater than that done to avoid it; and (c) there is no other practical and less harmful means of preventing it). 7 of The Philippines, 1987, art. VI. See, Ty v. Philippines, G.R. No. 149275, September 27, 2004, citing People v. Petenia, G.R. No. L-51256, August 12, 1986 (For this exempting circumstance to be invoked successfully, the following requisites must concur: (1) existence of an uncontrollable fear; (2) the fear must be real and imminent; and (3) the fear of an injury is greater than or at least equal to that committed). 8 Center for Reproductive Rights, Forsaken Lives: The Harmful Impact of the Philippine Criminal Abortion Ban, 65-67 (2010) [hereinafter Forsaken Lives]. 9 See e.g., An Act Providing for a National Policy on Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health, Rep. Act No. 10354, sec. 3(j) (2012), available at https://bit.ly/2HGiwfw [hereinafter RPRHA]; National Policy on the Prevention of Illegal and Unsafe Abortion and Management of Post-Abortion Complications, 1 (2018) available at https://bit.ly/2jeVC09. 10 Forsaken Lives, supra note 8 at 66-67. 11 James M. Imbong and Lovely-Ann C. Imbong v. Hon. Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr. and Others, G.R. Nos. 204819, 204934, 204957, 204988, 205003, 205043, 205138, 205478, 205491, 205720, 206355, 207111, 207172 and 207563, (S.C., Apr. 8, 2014) (Phil.) [hereinafter Imbong v. Ochoa]. 12 Kilosbayan Inc. et. al. v. Manuel Morato and Philippine Gaming Management Corporation, G.R. No. 118910, November 16, 1995. 13 Imbong v. Ochoa, supra note 11. 14 The Constitution of The Philippines, 1987, art. II, sec. 12. 15 Id., at art. II, sec. 1, 5, 9, 11, 14, 15, art. XIII, sec. 1, 11, 12, 14. 16 Cicely Martson and John Cleland, Relationships Between Contraception and Abortion: A Review of the Evidence, 1 International Family Planning Perspectives 29, 6 (2003) [hereinafter Relationships Between Contraception and Abortion]; Contraception and Fewer Unintended Pregnancies Likely Drove 2011-2014 Abortion Decline Guttmacher Institute (2017). 17 World Health Organization, Safe abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems, Legal and policy Considerations 2 (2015). 23 WHO, Preventing Unsafe Abortion, supra note 20. 25 Philippine Department of Health and Philippine Commission on Population, 3rd Annual Report on the Implementation of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, 5 (2017), available at https://bit.ly/2I2v5kP [hereinafter 3rd Annual RPRHA Report]. 26 See e.g. Paraguayan rape victim, 12, dies giving birth, The Guardian (2018) available at https://bit.ly/2I0ObYg; see also, Kitty Holland, Woman ‘denied a termination’ dies in hospital, The Irish Times (2012) available at https://bit.ly/2kCipqE. 27 3rd Annual RPRHA Report, supra note 25 at 5. 28 Unintended Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion in the Philippines, supra note 18. 29 RPRHA, supra note 9. 30 RPRHA, supra note 9 at secs. 4(a), 4(s). 31 Alliance for The Family Foundation Philippines, Inc. and Atty. Maria Concepcion S. Noche, and Others., v. Dr. Janette L. Garin, Secretary Designate of the Department of Health, and Others, (T.R.O.), G.R. No. 217872, June 17, 2015. 32 Alliance for The Family Foundation Philippines, Inc. and Atty. Maria Concepcion S. Noche, and Others., v. Dr. Janette L. Garin, Secretary Designate of the Department of Health, and Others, G.R. No. 217872, April 26, 2017. 33 Urgent Motion to Resolve Omnibus Motion (October 10, 2016) as filed by Office of Solicitor General, paras. 9, 12, 20 in Alliance for The Family Foundation Philippines, Inc. and Atty. Maria Concepcion S. Noche, and Others., v. Dr. Janette L. Garin, Secretary Designate of the Department of Health, and Others, G.R. No. 217872, April 26, 2017. 34 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supra note 2; Philippine Development Plan 20172022 (2017), available at https://bit.ly/2HTdHfQ [hereinafter Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022]. 35 Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022, supra note 34 at 1-5, 10-15 (2017). 36 RPRHA, supra note 9 at sec. 3(j); see also, The Magna Carta Women, Act No. 9710, sec. 17(7) (2009). of 37 Forsaken Lives, supra note 8 at 16 & 55; Center for Reproductive Rights, Documentation Report: Focus Group Discussion on Postabortion care (2014), on file with the Center for Reproductive Rights. 38 Id. 39 Mellet v. Ireland, Human Rights Committee, Commc’n No. 2324/2013, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/116/D/2324/2013, para. 7.4 (2016). 19 Id. 40 Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, Report of the inquiry concerning the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland under Article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, para. 59, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/ OP.8/GBR/1 (2018) [hereinafter CEDAW Committee, Report of the Inquiry]. 20 World Health Organization, Fact Sheet: Preventing Unsafe Abortion (2018) [hereinafter WHO, Preventing Unsafe Abortion]. 41 United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone 54 (2016). 21 Unintended Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion in the Philippines, supra note 18. 42 Id., at 199. 18 Lawrence B. Finer and Rubina Hussain, Unintended Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion in the Philippines: Context and Consequences, Guttmacher Institute, (2013) [hereinafter Unintended Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion in the Philippines]. 14 REALIZING A HEALTHY, EQUAL, AND THRIVING PHILIPPINES