The country has the most expensive electricity in Southeast Asia, at par with Singapore, mainly  33 because of the lack of subsidy from the government. However, high costs have not deterred  Filipino households from primarily relying on electricity as their energy source. Based on the 2011  Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS) the most common household uses of electricity  are for lighting (78%) and recreation (79%). For cooking, fuelwood (54%) and LPG (41%) are the  most common.    Health care     As of 2017, the health expenditures represent 4.5 percent of the gross domestic product of the  country which is still below the minimum 5% standard of the World Health Organization. In 2016,  the per capita health spending was PhP 6,345.     Furthermore, the limited coverage of social health insurance means that a large percentage of health  care services are directly shouldered by Filipinos. The household out-of-pocket expenditure in 2016  was PhP 342 billion which was 54.20 percent of the total health expenditures for the year. This was  followed by by government schemes and compulsory contributory health care financing  schemes (GSIS and SSS) at Php 216 billion, and voluntary health care payment schemes at PhP 73  billion.    In her report to Congress, then Department of Health Secretary Paulyn Rosell-Ubial, assessed that  the country has a shortage of hospital facilities and personnel, especially in the rural areas and  ARMM. In terms of infrastructure, the country needs around 42,000 hospital beds to declog the  current situation where the hospitals are at 150 to 200 percent above their maximum capacities. In  ARMM for instance, the hospital bed ratio is 1:4000, while in the National Capital Region it is 1:800. 34 In another speech, she stated that the country is short of 1,000 hospitals and 5,200 Rural Health  35 Units and health centers to attain the minimum ratio for good health service delivery. In the 2017  proposed DOH budget, 18 percent is allotted for capital outlay (PhP 27.58B) and personnel services  is allotted 19 percent of the budget (PhP 28.22B). The rest is specified for maintenance and other  36 operating expenses (63% or PhP 95.64B).      This is a serious gap in health care delivery. Barangay health centers, in particular, play an important  role in maternal and children’s health care as these are usually the most accessible health facilities to  poor families in terms of location and cost.     Political Participation and Representation    Rivera, D. (2017, 25 August). “Philippine electricity rates still highest in Southeast Asia”. ​The Philippine Star.​    ​http://www.philstar.com/business/2017/08/25/1732332/philippine-electricity-rates-still-highest-southeast-asia   34 Barcia, R.B. (2017, 16 June). "PH needs 45,000 hospital beds.”  ���The Manila Times.​ Retrieved  from ​http://www.manilatimes.net/ph-needs-45000-hospital-beds/333179/   35 Luci-Atienza, C. (2017, 14 August). “PH needs more doctors, 42,000 hospital beds.” ​Manila Bulletin​. Retrieved  from: ​https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/08/14/ph-needs-more-doctors-42000-hospital-beds/​    36 DOH statistics. Retrieved from ​http://www.doh.gov.ph/node/9297   33 11 RH Situationer: Phlippines (November 2017)