4. Each State Party shall ensure that its courts or other competent
authorities bear in mind the grave nature of the offences covered by this Convention when considering the eventuality of early release or parole of persons
convicted of such offences.
5. Each State Party shall, where appropriate, establish under its domestic
law a long statute of limitations period in which to commence proceedings for
any offence covered by this Convention and a longer period where the alleged
offender has evaded the administration of justice.
6. Nothing contained in this Convention shall affect the principle that
the description of the offences established in accordance with this Convention
and of the applicable legal defences or other legal principles controlling the
lawfulness of conduct is reserved to the domestic law of a State Party and that
such offences shall be prosecuted and punished in accordance with that law.
Article 12.
Confiscation and seizure
1. States Parties shall adopt, to the greatest extent possible within their
domestic legal systems, such measures as may be necessary to enable confiscation of:
(a) Proceeds of crime derived from offences covered by this Convention
or property the value of which corresponds to that of such proceeds;
(b) Property, equipment or other instrumentalities used in or destined for
use in offences covered by this Convention.
2. States Parties shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to enable
the identification, tracing, freezing or seizure of any item referred to in paragraph 1 of this article for the purpose of eventual confiscation.
3. If proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted, in part or
in full, into other property, such property shall be liable to the measures referred
to in this article instead of the proceeds.
4. If proceeds of crime have been intermingled with property acquired
from legitimate sources, such property shall, without prejudice to any powers
relating to freezing or seizure, be liable to confiscation up to the assessed value
of the intermingled proceeds.
5. Income or other benefits derived from proceeds of crime, from
property into which proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted or
from property with which proceeds of crime have been intermingled shall also
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