customary practice within the community while the community registration takes time, and requires technical support and resources. However, economic land concessions (ELC) and other development projects have been undertaken without free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) from the IPs concerned. Predictably, many protests from the IP community have ensued. Some IP groups have resorted to international institutions for remedy, which has highlighted the lack of effective processes in the country. Initiatives to Promote the BHR Principles in Cambodia The Cambodian Human Rights Committee (CHRC) is a governmental organization tasked to promote and protect human rights in Cambodia. CSOs have already commenced discussions with the CHRC on the establishment of a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) which is independent from government. In fact, CSOs have already prepared a draft law for the establishment of such an institution, and it is now in the hands of government for further input and action. Academics also play a crucial role in promoting BHR. For example, academics working for Bridges Across Borders Southeast Asia, the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, and the International Accountability Project put together a publication called “A Cambodian Guide To Defending Land and Housing Rights” that aims to help communities host their own training sessions related to BHR. The guide seeks to empower local communities by providing knowledge about their legal rights as well as the Cambodian Government’s responsibilities to prevent forced evictions. The guide demonstrates how academics play a central role in the human rights movement by providing objective information about legal rights, duties, and procedures related to BHR and by lending legitimacy to activism on many politically-contentious BHR-related issues. The efforts of academics and CSOs to work together and raise awareness on BHR, and to encourage business actors and Cambodian authorities to adopt and abide by the principles are vital. Conclusion The UNGP BHR is a UN instrument that is complementary to the other human rights laws. So far there is not enough initiative to create dialogue 40 Upholding Land Rights amidst the Land Rush