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waste and pollution, and mining rehabilitation techniques. Indigenous
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technologies that are relevant and appropriate, particularly with respect
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to the domestic processing of minerals shall be promoted, harnessed,
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expanded and upgraded;
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m) The State and its members shall share in the burden of satisfying the
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need for mineral resources primarily through reusing and recycling
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existing mineral products. Ecologically-sound practices at all stages of
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mining shall be promoted. Mining technologies such as open-pit mining
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and submarine mine tailing disposal methods that are banned abroad
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and/or proven inappropriate in countries like the Philippines must all be
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banned. Environmental standards shall be set to ensure the protection
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and efficient utilization of the country's mineral resource base. Ecological
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considerations in mining development shall be given due emphasis and
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attention to substantially eliminate destructive effects that certain
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mining industrial processes might have on the people's health and the
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environment. Monitoring mechanisms with strong participation from the
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local communities will be instituted;
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n) Mining in environmentally critical areas such as small island ecosystems,
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primary and secondary forests and watersheds shall be banned.
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Dumping of mine wastes and tailings to rivers, lakes and seas are
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prohibited; The integrity of the environment shall not be compromised;
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and
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o) Areas affected by mining shall be rehabilitated, including abandoned
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mines. Violators shall be strictly punished and made to pay heavy
25
compensation to the State and the affected communities;
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35
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Sec. 5. - The exploration, development and utilization of natural resources must
comply with the principles of intergenerational responsibility.
Sec. 6. - For purposes of, or in relation to expropriation, it is hereby declared
that mining is not for a public purpose.
Sec. 7. - Mining agreements shall not be considered as vested rights, but, are
mere privilege that the State can grant or revoke anytime for a legitimate purpose.
CHAPTER I I
SCOPE AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Sec. 8. Scope. - This
Act shall govern the ownership, management and
governance of both metallic and non-metallic ore minerals onshore and offshore, as well