85 INDONESIAN AGRARIAN CONFLICT CASES IN 2017-2018 3 These conflicts involved at least 652,738 families. From January to August 2018, 278 cases were recorded, involving 624,239.30 hectares of land and affecting 58,505 families. From January 2017 to August 2018 therefore, there was a total of 937 cases involving 711,243 families. Agrarian conflicts per sector For identifying kinds and causes of agrarian conflicts in Indonesia, the KPA categorizes them into seven sectors, i.e. 1) plantation; 2) infrastructure; 3) property; 4) forestry; 5) mining; 6) coastal area and maritime; and, 7) agriculture. In 2017, the highest number of conflicts was recorded in the plantation sector, with 208 conflicts constituting 32 percent of total conflicts. This was followed by the property sector (199 cases, 30 percent), infrastructure sector (94 cases, 14 percent), agricultural sector (78 cases, 12 percent) forestry (30 cases, 5 percent), coastal area and maritime (28 cases, 4 percent), and finally the mining sector (22 cases, 3 percent). The January to August 2018 period witnessed 278 agrarian conflict cases, with almost half of them taking place in the plantation sector (100 cases). This was followed by the property sector, with 86 cases, agricultural sector (40 cases), mining (20 cases), forestry (13 cases), coastal area and maritime (10 cases), and finally the infrastructure sector (nine cases). In total, the January to August 2018 period had 937 cases. Although the number of agrarian conflicts in forest areas is not high, conflicts in the plantation and mining sectors originate from the forestry sector. Plantation and mining operations in Indonesia obtained their sites from the leasing of forest areas into plantations, and use rights licenses for mining operations. That is why the national agrarian inequality is rooted in the forestry sector. From the above data, it is clear that the highest number of conflicts in 20172018 occurred in the plantation sector. 3 Cited from the 2017 End-year Records of the KPA and the Agrarian Conflicts Monitoring up to August 2018 Indonesia Monitoring Report of Agrarian Conflicts for 2017-2018 In the KPA’s record, 2017 witnessed at least 659 agrarian conflict cases in all districts and provinces in Indonesia, comprising 520,491.87 hectares of land area.