47 Study objectives n What is the nature and prevalence of land and resource conflicts in Bangladesh? n What are the causes of land and resource conflicts, their outcomes, and impacts? n How effective are existing conflict management and resolution mechanisms? Study methodology Both primary and secondary data have been collected to understand the nature and prevalence of land conflicts, its causes, impacts and resolution mechanisms in Bangladesh. Primary data have been collected through FGDs and consultation workshops. Secondary data have been gathered from books, published research reports, and media reports. Two consultation workshops, on 30 July 2018 and 5 November 2018 were conducted with the participation of CSOs and land rights activists. One focus group discussion with the participation of CSOs, land rights activists and experts was also conducted to identify causes of land and resource conflicts, their impacts, as well as to know the existing conflict-management and resolution mechanisms. 146 land related laws 80% cases over land 25 lakh cases pending 9.5 yrs on average for disposal of a case 23.5 lakh acres of land are disputed Annual household losses Tk 11,520 crore Tk 24,860 crore spent on land cases a year Source Barkat, 2015 The number of land cases are increasing every day. People have to spend almost 3 billion USD (Tk 24,860 crore) a year to resolve these cases. Disposal of a case takes nine and a half years on average, meaning it would require 27,000 (2.70 crore) years to dispose of the 2.5 million (25 lakh) pending cases (The Daily Star, 23 December 2015, citing a study of Barkat, 2015). Bangladesh Land Conflict Monitoring Report This study aims to answer the following three questions: