existing laws that require agencies to allocate at least five (5) percent of their general appropriations for gender and development (GAD) activities.8 Agribusiness venture agreements (AVAs). Due to the overall lack of public investments in agriculture and the difficulty in accessing government’s support services, some ARBs were forced to engage in agribusiness ventures with the private sector. DAR was not able to monitor AVAs and thus, unfair and unregistered AVAs proliferated, especially lease-out and leaseback agreements. In DAR records, there are 433 registered and approved agri-business venture arrangements and most of these involve ARBs leasing out their awarded lands. There are many cases where landowners offer to lease back the lands by offering cash advances, even before the land is formally turned over to the ARBs. Payment of land amortizations Table 8 shows the amount paid in landowners’ compensation as of June 2018. A total land valuation of PhP74.26 billion was paid to landowners, an amount Table 8. Landowners’ compensation as of 30 June 2018. Program Type Land Value Paid to LO Regular Subsidy Increase due to Revaluation/ Court Decisions Land Value to be amortized by ARBs (a) (b) (c) [d=(a-b-c)] PD 27/ EO 228 3,292.99 0.00 292.68 3,000.31 RA 6657 54,474.05 1,977.59 2,585.74 49,910.72 RA 9700 16,491.65 6,561.03 46.97 9,883.65 PhP 74,258.69 PhP 8,538.62 PhP 2,925.39 PhP 62,794.68 Total Source: Agrarian Services Group, Land Bank of the Philippines, 2018. which includes PhP8.54 billion in statutory State subsidy and the PhP2.93 billion increase in land valuation as a result of just compensation cases. Note that under the law, the gap between the “just compensation” amount paid to the landowner and the “affordable” price paid by the beneficiary is subsidized by the government. Also, not all CARP lands are compensable, as some types of land (government-owned lands) are distributed without payment (free). Table 9 shows that PhP62.79 billion is the total amount of amortization to be paid by 926,042 ARBs for awarded private agricultural lands covering 1.58 million hectares. Seventy percent (PhP43.72 billion) of the amount to be collected to ARBs are not yet due for payment because its current status is “Not Classified as RA9710, Sec. 36, par. A, DAR A.O. 1, series of 2011, sec. 5-G 8 50 Status of Land and Resource Tenure Reform in the Philippines 2018