Resource use conflicts also arise among municipal fishers – e.g., hook and line
fishers cannot fish in areas where nets and pots had been set up. The LGU has the
mandate to intervene in such cases.
Land use conversion of coastal areas, which comes from two sources:
Industries. Coastal areas are prime locations for industries. Moreover, industries
provide LGUs with needed revenue through taxes and fees. Thus, LGUs allocate
and convert land use in coastal areas for big industries at the expense of small
fisherfolk. And without security of tenure over their settlements, fisherfolks are
easily displaced and their houses demolished. They also lose their right-of-way
to coastlines and denied access to fishing grounds near these establishments.
Tourism. While tourism may provide some form of resource protection, tourism
businesses may compete directly with fisherfolk for access to foreshores and
coastal waters. At times, foreshores are privatized, and fisherfolk are deprived of
docking areas for their small boats. Sometimes, mangroves are cleared to build
tourism facilities.
Ecotourism can help prevent fisherfolk displacement by involving them in the
management of the tourism areas and by providing them with supplemental
livelihoods. However, this will require active intervention and planning with the
LGU.
Climate change and natural disasters. Coastal communities are the first to bear
the brunt of super typhoons brought about by climate change. Super typhoon
Haiyan in 2014 exposed the vulnerability of coastal communities in the light
of increasing intensity of typhoons as a result of climate change. Coastal areas
affected by the typhoon were practically wiped out, their settlements were
declared no dwelling zones, but there were no clear/secured resettlement areas.
Tens of thousands of small boats, fishing equipment and supporting facilities
were destroyed. Some 146,748 fisherfolk families and 21 of the country’s 72
fishing provinces were directly affected by the storm, according to BFAR, and total
damage to the fishing sector was about PhP2.1 billion, according to NDRRMC.
The impacts of climate change have become more evident in recent years,
especially for coastal communities. There has been increasing frequency of
extreme weather events like super typhoons, slow onset events like sea level
rise, rising sea surface temperatures and coral bleaching.
Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC)
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