Environ. Res. Lett. 12 (2017) 084019 (a) Internal 1976 PeerReviewed NonAdvertorials PeerReviewed (b) 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 No position Acknowledge Internal Acknowledge (including reasonable doubt) Acknowledge and Doubt PeerReviewed NonAdvertorials PeerReviewed Reasonable Doubt Doubt Figure 1. Timeline of the overall positions of all 187 documents on AGW as (a) real and human-caused and (b) serious. Each line represents an individual document. Documents are sorted by category and publication date. cannot be stopped are a common component of contrarian claims [42, 72]. reports, are beyond the scope of this study and a topic for future investigation. 2.2. Risks of stranded assets AGs and the SEC are investigating ExxonMobil’s understanding and disclosures of the financial risks related to either AGW or future climate policy, and shareholders have questioned the adequacy of ExxonMobil’s disclosures on this point. We examine what, if anything, has been stated on this subject in the documents examined [10, 73–75]. Across all documents, we collate and chronicle ExxonMobil’s communications regarding the risks of stranded assets (intercoder reliability: 100%; Kripp. a ¼ 1:0). Financial documents from ExxonMobil, such as shareholder 3. Results 5 3.1. Endorsement levels (ELs)—AGW as real and human-caused Figure 1(a) is a timeline of the overall positions of all 187 documents on AGW as real and human-caused, sorted by publication date and into four categories: Internal Documents, Peer-Reviewed, Non-Peer-Reviewed, and Advertorials. Each line represents an individual document and is color-coded: No position (grey); Acknowledge (blue); Acknowledge and Doubt (black); and Doubt (red). Dashed lines indicate documents that have