date, around 13, 622 ARBs in 259 ARCs are already adopting this practice. Lastly, susceptibility maps and disaster preparedness materials based from the Mines and Geosciences Bureau and PAG-ASA.” For the mitigation interventions, the following are the plans and programs that are currently being conducted by the department or will be conducted in the coming years: “a.) National Greening Program ; b.) Reduced Tillage Technology; c.) Integrated Farming Bio-System (IFBS) – it is the use of appropriate environment-friendly and sustainable farming technologies and the provision of adequate extension and support services. Around 16,161 are already adopters in 11 ARCs as of September 2011”. 3. Review of Related Literature Food security The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 2008), defines food security as a situation “when most people are able, by themselves, to obtain the food they need for an active and healthy life, and where social safety nets ensure that those who lack resources still get enough to eat” (Anbumozhi and Portugal, 2011, p.5). The FAO identifies four main dimensions of food security: physical availability of food, economic and physical access to food, food utilization and stability of the other three dimensions over time. According to the FAO, “for food security objectives to be realized, all four dimensions must be fulfilled simultaneously” (FAO, 2008). Echoed by Anbumozhi and Portugal (2011), they argue that in looking at food systems these four dimensions of food security identified by FAO should be taken into consideration. Food availability refers to the global and regional food supply. Food accessibility on the other hand refers to the ability of individuals to purchase food in sufficient quantities and quality. Food stability refers to the maintenance of the continuity of food supply of seasonal production, while food utilization refers to the food consumption patterns, malnutrition, pest contaminations, diseases and people’s capacity to obtain necessary nutrients from the food they consume. Building on the FAO definition of food security, Pinstrup-Andersen (2009) suggests that “a household is considered food secure if it has the ability to acquire the food needed by its members to be food secure”. He makes a distinction between transitory and permanent food insecurity, where the former describes “periodic food insecurity as for example seasonal food insecurity, while the latter describes a long-term lack of access to sufficient food”. He adopts the USDA measure of household food security which “is based on household self-declarations, differentiates between low and very low food security…on the householdlevel resource constraints” (i.e. does the household have the resources to acquire the food needed?). Ziervogel, et al. (2006) looked at food security in terms of availability, access, utilization, and livelihoods. They argue that a livelihoods understanding in defining food security is useful because “it emphasizes the importance of looking at an individual’s capacity for managing risks, as well as the external threats to livelihood security, such as drought” (p.8). According to Anbumozhi and Portugal, “Food security can be evaluated under two different perspectives: from a micro and a macro level. The micro-level food security refers to household and individual levels and evaluates the nutritional well-being of individuals, whereas the macro-level food security focus at a national policy level and assesses regular supplies of food in national, regional, and local markets.” (p.5). FAO refers to vulnerability in terms of food security as the “group of factors that places people in a situation where they are at risk of food insecurity, including factors that undermine people's capacity to deal with the situation” (FAO, 2000). CBMS-FAO | 8