This is in line with the first expected output of the NCCAP which is to ensure site-specific knowledge on the vulnerability of agriculture and fisheries. DA has outlined specific plans and programs such as the following:        New designs and construction protocols for agri-fishery infrastructure that can withstand strong winds, water intrusion and erosion, and other adverse impacts of the weather shall be developed. Breeding and screening for climate resilient crops: crops suited to changing weather patterns shall be developed such as early maturing crops, drought tolerant crops, crops that can withstand limited as well as excessive moisture, etc. Breeding and screening for heat tolerant livestock and poultry Agro-reforestation: Species trials involving fruit and multipurpose trees shall be conducted on representative upland watershed areas classified in accordance with the vulnerability and risk assessment maps Precision agriculture: Precision agriculture refers to a fine-tuned agricultural production that takes into consideration planting dates based on weather predictions, planting design that considers sun and wind exposures, varieties highly suited to the soil and weather patterns, and the delivery of water and other inputs at the right time and at the right amounts. Research on this area shall be done on a crop by crop or for livestock production and aquaculture species/breed by species/breed basis as well as by location including urban areas Urban agriculture: Vegetable farming especially during the rainy season in urban areas will ensure reliable supply. There is a need to develop manageable vegetable farming systems on urban structures as well as on limited urban spaces Organic farming practices: There is need to develop crop varieties, livestock breeds and fish strains suitable for organic production as well as effective organic inputs that will improve productivity and make organic produce less expensive. 2.2.3. Fully engaged Extension System This includes the following:       Early warning systems (EWS) for weather changesImprovedagri-fishery infrastructure design standards and construction protocols Soil moisture retention practices such as mulching, use of cover crops Balanced fertilization Organic farming tools and practices Highly efficient farm irrigation methods such as drip irrigation for fruit trees, intermittent irrigation for paddy rice, etc. Credit and grants programs for climate change Insurance programs for climate change 2.2.4.Repair and improvement of irrigation systems and establishment of SWIPS and SFRs The National Irrigation Administration (NIA) with partner LGUs and irrigators associations shall see that national and communal irrigation systems are repaired and improved upon to reduce leakage and ensure efficient delivery of irrigation water at the right time and in the required amounts. SWIPS and SFRs shall be established to maximize water harvesting and minimize losses. As of 2012, the Corn Program of DA has already installed shallow-tube wells in areas with pronounced dry season (Regions CAR, I, II and III). Aside from that, they have already facilitated supply of alternative irrigation water especially during the El Niño phenomenon.” 2.3. Philippine Development Plan CBMS-FAO | 6