Illness shock Urbanity No grade Elementary level Elementary graduate High school level High school graduate College level College and post garduate Income from crop farming (log) With agri org With thresher With dryer With irrigation pump 41.76% 11.70% 5.90% 33.52% 18.79% 40.03% 12.29% 3.77% 32.99% 19.36% 63.34% 2.88% 23.37% 51.71% 13.60% 71.09% 2.21% 46.33% 38.02% 8.20% 39.93% 12.33% 3.65% 33.03% 19.38% 66.45% 1.67% 26.52% 51.80% 11.78% 70.62% 2.29% 45.61% 37.15% 8.94% 14.34% 15.87% 14.90% 16.73% 8.04% 2.60% 4.55% 2.13% 14.92% 16.74% 6.77% 2.64% 5.05% 2.41% 8.06% 3.51% 8.52% 3.73% 0.62% 0.06% 0.67% 0.10% 8.54% 3.74% 0.50% 0.00% 0.73% 0.10% 9.46 9.49 9.13 8.94 9.50 9.03 8.89 2.79% 21.46% 8.20% 11.80% 2.84% 22.48% 8.68% 12.46% 2.65% 6.58% 0.99% 1.44% 1.89% 4.35% 0.62% 1.04% 2.86% 22.50% 8.69% 12.47% 1.70% 5.51% 0.76% 1.58% 1.75% 5.13% 0.74% 1.28% Source of basic data: Pooled CBMS 2007-2010 Census Source of basic data: CBMS Census, 2007-2010 Policy options The results likely depict a grim picture of food insecurity in some parts of the country given the 16 CBMS provinces. The models suggest some of the policy options to adopt as counter measure in case of rise in vulnerability. Some of these are:  Human capital in terms of education;  Government expenditure on agriculture in terms of farm to market road;  Government assistance in terms of subsidy on fertilizers; and  Enhanced agricultural infrastructure Figure 14. Increasing farm-to-market road expenditure and subsidy on fertilizer at current value of rainfall, CBMS 2007-2010 % subsidy on fertilizer 5.50% 6.00% 5.45% 5.00% Vulnerability Vulnerability % increase in farm to market road expenditure 5.40% 5.35% 5.30% 4.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% 5.25% 0.00% 5.20% Actual 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Actual 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Source of basic: Pooled CBMS 2007-2010 Census CBMS-FAO | 47