and indefeasibility of titles. The JAO was issued to establish a common policy for the processing of the registration of CADTs to ensure that all adverse claims have been properly vetted and resolved before registration – as occurs in the process of the issuance of Torrens titles. The JAO’s requirement to stamp the CADT with the IPRA Sec. 56 clause implicitly reflects that there is no confidence in the process that the JAO is supposed to establish and the result will be somehow be flawed. Furthermore, there is an innate bias being created by the JAO that a registered CADT/CALT title is not perfected and not indefeasible as a registered Torrens title is. RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations are then put forward to address the issues presented in this review: 1. Conduct an immediate review of JAO 1 series of 2012. Assess if the JAO has a) served its purpose, is it still necessary, b) efficiency of implementation, and c) impacts on communities. 2. Enforce the production of Map Projections as an automatic process for all CADTs/CALTs within a defined period. Provide funding within the NCIP or between NCIP and DENR for the outsourcing of the production of Map Projections with private geodetic companies and include monetary incentives for quick and accurate accomplishments. 3. Override the JAO with the issuance of an Executive Order which addresses all the issues/comments raised above. 4. The NCIP must recognize IPRA’s other rights: jurisdiction rights to natural resources, zoning authority, and control of entry of migrants through the issuance of a separate certificate and NCIP registration recognizing such authority i.e., a Notice of Jurisdiction. These would cover areas of the CADT, which overlap with private titled lands, or existing reservations or permits; and would not conflict with the land registration regime, which is limited to property rights of ownership under the Torrens system over titled lands. The CADTs/CALTs would ANGOC and PAFID 25